{"id":4247,"date":"2021-08-24T19:34:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-24T19:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/?p=4247"},"modified":"2021-11-23T17:59:01","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T17:59:01","slug":"les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ceci est la douzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3970\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"97\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-316x450.jpg 316w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-719x1024.jpg 719w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-768x1093.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 97px) 100vw, 97px\" \/><\/a> vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\">Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Combien de fois n\u2019entend-on pas dire que l\u2019argent mis en jeu dans l\u2019exploration spatiale serait mieux d\u00e9pens\u00e9 sur Terre, \u00e0 combattre la pauvret\u00e9, la faim dans le monde, les maladies, le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, la pollution et autres fl\u00e9aux du monde moderne ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Plusieurs commentateurs de ce blog, au demeurant prolifiques et pleins de sapience, ne se privent pas de me faire r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement remarquer la mis\u00e8re de la condition paysanne dans la France d&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/ernst_stuhlinger_german_rocket_scientist.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4291\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/ernst_stuhlinger_german_rocket_scientist.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/ernst_stuhlinger_german_rocket_scientist.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/ernst_stuhlinger_german_rocket_scientist-356x450.jpg 356w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>La question se posait d\u00e9j\u00e0 il y a cinquante ans\u2026 En 1970, en plein succ\u00e8s du programme <em>Apollo<\/em>, le directeur scientifique de la Nasa, Ernst Stuhlinger, re\u00e7oit une lettre de s\u0153ur Mary Jucunda, officiant en Zambie, qui lui reproche de d\u00e9penser des milliards de dollars pour la recherche spatiale alors que tant d\u2019enfants meurent de faim. Dans une r\u00e9ponse d\u2019anthologie, Stuhlinger d\u00e9taille longuement les arguments justifiant les d\u00e9penses spatiales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Il explique, par exemple, comment le satellite terrestre artificiel, en orbite autour du globe \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute altitude, peut observer de vastes aires de terrain en un temps tr\u00e8s court, mesurer une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de facteurs indiquant l\u2019\u00e9tat des cultures, du sol, les s\u00e9cheresses, les pr\u00e9cipitations, la couverture de neige, et communiquer ces informations aux stations au sol afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les programmes de production de nourriture.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4292\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4292\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace.jpeg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4292\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace-450x253.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Why-ExploreSpace-1536x864.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4292\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">D\u00e9but de la r\u00e9ponse d&#8217;Ernst Stuhlinger \u00e0 s\u0153ur Jucunda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Il souligne ensuite que, chaque ann\u00e9e, un millier d\u2019innovations techniques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par le programme spatial sont recycl\u00e9es dans les technologies terrestres. On lui doit, par exemple, les ordinateurs modernes, l\u2019imagerie m\u00e9dicale, la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile et les cha\u00eenes de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision par satellite, les pr\u00e9visions m\u00e9t\u00e9o, le guidage automobile par GPS, les mousses \u00e0 m\u00e9moire de forme, les d\u00e9tecteurs de fum\u00e9e, les airbags de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les voitures, des m\u00e9dicaments mis au point en microgravit\u00e9, et ainsi de suite. Au final, un programme spatial \u00e0 quelques milliards de dollars apporte tellement de nouvelles technologies que ses retomb\u00e9es au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 d\u00e9passent de loin le co\u00fbt de sa mise en \u0153uvre.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Stuhlinger joint \u00e0 sa r\u00e9ponse la fameuse photographie montrant une vue de la Terre de la capsule <em>Apollo\u00a08<\/em>, en orbite autour de la lune au No\u00ebl 1968. De tous les r\u00e9sultats du programme spatial, cette photo pourrait \u00eatre la plus importante\u00a0: elle a ouvert les yeux sur le caract\u00e8re fini et unique de notre plan\u00e8te, perdue dans l\u2019immensit\u00e9 du cosmos, qu\u2019il convient d\u00e8s lors de prot\u00e9ger tant elle semble fragile. L\u2019astronautique a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une prise de \u00ab\u00a0conscience \u00e9cologique\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4293\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4293\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/earthrise-small.jpeg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4293\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/earthrise-small.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/earthrise-small.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/earthrise-small-450x360.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4293\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La c\u00e9l\u00e8bre photographie du lever de Terre vu depuis la Lune<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Outre le c\u00f4t\u00e9 utilitaire des retomb\u00e9es technologiques, dont on peut toujours discuter si elles contribuent au bonheur global de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine, il existe de toute fa\u00e7on un besoin fondamental d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir de nouvelles connaissances en recherche pure. Pour moi, la qu\u00eate de la connaissance justifie \u00e0 elle seule la recherche scientifique, m\u00eame lorsque aucune application pratique ne se profile \u00e0 l\u2019horizon de quelques g\u00e9n\u00e9rations humaines \u2013\u00a0\u00e9tant entendu qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 on ne peut jamais pr\u00e9juger.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Avant le programme <em>Apollo<\/em>, l\u2019origine de notre Lune \u00e9tait un myst\u00e8re. Il a fallu attendre le retour sur Terre d\u2019\u00e9chantillons de roches lunaires pour trouver une explication compatible avec toutes les analyses. Notre Lune est n\u00e9e d\u2019une collision terrible entre la jeune Terre et une petite plan\u00e8te vagabonde. Le choc a m\u00e9lang\u00e9 les mat\u00e9riaux de la cro\u00fbte terrestre avec ceux du corps impactant, produisant les particularit\u00e9s de la Lune en termes de composition, de structure et d\u2019orbite. Cela s\u2019est pass\u00e9 il y a quatre milliards et demi d\u2019ann\u00e9es, et l\u2019on sait combien la Lune a par la suite jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le b\u00e9n\u00e9fique dans l\u2019\u00e9volution globale de notre plan\u00e8te, en stabilisant, par exemple, son axe de rotation et en produisant les mar\u00e9es diss\u00e9minatrices du vivant.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-scaled.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4294\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-450x360.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-1536x1229.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/theia-Terre-2048x1638.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4295\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4295\" style=\"width: 835px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/FormationLune.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4295 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/FormationLune.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"835\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/FormationLune.jpg 835w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/FormationLune-450x309.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/FormationLune-768x528.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4295\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deux vues d&#8217;artiste du processus de formation de la Lune apr\u00e8s une collision de la Terre avec Th\u00e9ia, petite plan\u00e8te de la taille de Pluton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Alors oui, le programme <em>Apollo<\/em> a co\u00fbt\u00e9 au total 150\u00a0milliards de dollars en valeur actuelle. Mais si on repla\u00e7ait les sommes engag\u00e9es dans l\u2019exploration spatiale dans le contexte plus large des finances mondiales\u00a0? Cinq cents milliards de dollars sont partis en fum\u00e9e lors de la crise financi\u00e8re de 2008, d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par les malversations de grandes banques. Deux mille cinq cents milliards de dollars ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pens\u00e9s pour la guerre inique conduite par les Am\u00e9ricains en Irak. Et dans les deux cas, on a abouti \u00e0 une situation pire qu\u2019auparavant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Dans un registre moins pol\u00e9mique, le chiffre d\u2019affaires annuel du groupe industriel Mars, qui vend barres chocolat\u00e9es, friandises et chewing-gums, est de 60\u00a0milliards de dollars\u00a0; c\u2019est 60\u00a0fois le budget annuel que toutes les agences spatiales confondues consacrent actuellement \u00e0 l\u2019exploration de la plan\u00e8te du m\u00eame nom\u2026<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Mars-chocolat.png\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4300\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Mars-chocolat.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Mars-chocolat.png 705w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Mars-chocolat-450x217.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4298\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4298\" style=\"width: 362px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4247]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4298\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"362\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars.jpg 1879w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars-450x240.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars-1024x547.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars-768x410.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/Cratere-Korolev-Mars-1536x821.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4298\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tarte glac\u00e9e sur Mars : le crat\u00e8re Korolev<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ceci est la douzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas ! &nbsp; Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ? Combien de fois n\u2019entend-on pas dire que l\u2019argent mis en jeu dans l\u2019exploration spatiale &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[14,27,4],"tags":[666,256,664,665],"class_list":["post-4247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire-des-sciences-sciences","category-mes-publications","category-sciences","tag-exploration-spatiale","tag-mars","tag-programme-apollo","tag-stuhlinger"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?, par Jean-Pierre Luminet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?, par Jean-Pierre Luminet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ceci est la douzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas ! &nbsp; Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ? Combien de fois n\u2019entend-on pas dire que l\u2019argent mis en jeu dans l\u2019exploration spatiale &hellip; Continuer la lecture de Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ? &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LUMINESCIENCES : le blog de Jean-Pierre LUMINET, astrophysicien\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-24T19:34:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-23T17:59:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"270\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jean-Pierre LUMINET\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jean-Pierre LUMINET\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/\",\"name\":\"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?, par Jean-Pierre Luminet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-24T19:34:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-23T17:59:01+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#\/schema\/person\/d61f577b54398f0ecee81e140e7643cb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg\",\"width\":540,\"height\":270},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/\",\"name\":\"LUMINESCIENCES : le blog de Jean-Pierre LUMINET, astrophysicien\",\"description\":\"J\u2019eus le vertige et je pleurai car mes yeux avaient vu cet objet secret et conjectural dont les hommes usurpent le nom, mais qu\u2019aucun homme n\u2019a regard\u00e9 : l\u2019inconcevable univers.  Jorge Luis Borges, L\u2019Aleph (1949)\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#\/schema\/person\/d61f577b54398f0ecee81e140e7643cb\",\"name\":\"Jean-Pierre LUMINET\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a6d27645b8081b2f766677414e6a83e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a6d27645b8081b2f766677414e6a83e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Jean-Pierre LUMINET\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/author\/jpluminet\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?, par Jean-Pierre Luminet","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?, par Jean-Pierre Luminet","og_description":"Ceci est la douzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas ! &nbsp; Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ? Combien de fois n\u2019entend-on pas dire que l\u2019argent mis en jeu dans l\u2019exploration spatiale &hellip; Continuer la lecture de Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ? &rarr;","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/","og_site_name":"LUMINESCIENCES : le blog de Jean-Pierre LUMINET, astrophysicien","article_published_time":"2021-08-24T19:34:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-11-23T17:59:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":540,"height":270,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Jean-Pierre LUMINET","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Jean-Pierre LUMINET","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/","name":"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (12) : Combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte ?, par Jean-Pierre Luminet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg","datePublished":"2021-08-24T19:34:33+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-23T17:59:01+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#\/schema\/person\/d61f577b54398f0ecee81e140e7643cb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/08\/24\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-12-combien-ca-coute\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/08\/robot-curiosity.jpg","width":540,"height":270},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/","name":"LUMINESCIENCES : le blog de Jean-Pierre LUMINET, astrophysicien","description":"J\u2019eus le vertige et je pleurai car mes yeux avaient vu cet objet secret et conjectural dont les hommes usurpent le nom, mais qu\u2019aucun homme n\u2019a regard\u00e9 : l\u2019inconcevable univers.  Jorge Luis Borges, L\u2019Aleph (1949)","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#\/schema\/person\/d61f577b54398f0ecee81e140e7643cb","name":"Jean-Pierre LUMINET","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a6d27645b8081b2f766677414e6a83e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a6d27645b8081b2f766677414e6a83e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Jean-Pierre LUMINET"},"url":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/author\/jpluminet\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4247"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4304,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4247\/revisions\/4304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}