{"id":4244,"date":"2021-02-28T19:03:01","date_gmt":"2021-02-28T19:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/?p=4244"},"modified":"2021-10-18T04:35:13","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T04:35:13","slug":"les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-11-de-mir-a-la-station-spatiale-internationale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/02\/28\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-11-de-mir-a-la-station-spatiale-internationale\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (11) : De Mir \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ceci est la onzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3970\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"97\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-316x450.jpg 316w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-719x1024.jpg 719w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-768x1093.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 97px) 100vw, 97px\" \/><\/a> vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas !<\/p>\n<h4>De Mir \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es\u00a01960, deux objectifs se pr\u00e9sentent aux explorateurs de l\u2019espace\u00a0: d\u2019une part la Lune, qui est facilement accessible depuis la Terre apr\u00e8s un voyage de\u00a0trois jours\u00a0; d\u2019autre part, faire vivre des Hommes dans l\u2019espace pour les pr\u00e9parer aux vols de plusieurs mois, voire plusieurs ann\u00e9es vers la plan\u00e8te Mars. Les Sovi\u00e9tiques sont convaincus que cette derni\u00e8re option est la plus importante sur le long terme, d\u2019autant qu\u2019ils doivent bien admettre leur d\u00e9faite dans la course \u00e0 la Lune.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019en 1971, en plein d\u00e9roulement du programme <em>Apollo<\/em>, la Russie place discr\u00e8tement en orbite terrestre un nouveau v\u00e9hicule spatial du nom de <em>Saliout<\/em>, qui veut dire \u00ab\u00a0salut\u00a0\u00bb. Ce gros satellite de 19\u00a0tonnes, offrant un espace habitable de 100\u00a0m\u00e8tres cubes pour trois cosmonautes, est la premi\u00e8re station spatiale orbitale.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4262\" style=\"width: 1247px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Saliout1-timbre.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4262\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Saliout1-timbre.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1247\" height=\"889\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Saliout1-timbre.jpg 1247w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Saliout1-timbre-450x321.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Saliout1-timbre-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Saliout1-timbre-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1247px) 100vw, 1247px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timbre sovi\u00e9tique datant de 1972 comm\u00e9morant la mission Saliout 1. Les choses n&#8217;avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0 faciles. Lanc\u00e9e le 19 avril 1971 par une fus\u00e9e Proton depuis le cosmodrome de Ba\u00efkonour, Saliout 1 est d&#8217;abord plac\u00e9e en orbite sans passagers. Un premier \u00e9quipage de trois hommes est lanc\u00e9 quatre jours plus tard \u00e0 bord d&#8217;un vaisseau Soyouz; il parvient \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser la man\u0153uvre de rendez-vous et \u00e0 s&#8217;amarrer \u00e0 la station spatiale, mais ne peut y p\u00e9n\u00e9trer \u00e0 cause d&#8217;une \u00e9coutille qui reste obstin\u00e9ment ferm\u00e9e. Ils doivent renoncer et revenir sur Terre. Le 6 juin 1971 Soyouz 11 emporte un nouvel \u00e9quipage de trois cosmonautes qui r\u00e9ussissent cette fois toutes les man\u0153uvres. Ils restent 23 jours \u00e0 bord, non sans avoir essuy\u00e9 entre temps un feu dans leur \u00e9troit habitacle. Leur retour sur Terre est encore plus catastrophique : ils meurent tous trois, priv\u00e9s d&#8217;oxyg\u00e8ne \u00e0 la suite de le d\u00e9pressurisation de leur module de descente. Ils ont droit \u00e0 des fun\u00e9railles nationales et leurs cendres sont scell\u00e9es dans le mur du Kremlin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4263\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4263\" style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/equipage-Saliout.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4263\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/equipage-Saliout.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/equipage-Saliout.jpg 512w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/equipage-Saliout-450x332.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4263\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L&#8217;\u00e9quipage de la mission Soyouz 11 compos\u00e9 de <a title=\"Gueorgui Dobrovolski\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gueorgui_Dobrovolski\">Gueorgui Dobrovolski<\/a>, <a title=\"Viktor Patsa\u00efev\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Patsa%C3%AFev\">Viktor Patsa\u00efev<\/a> et <a title=\"Vladislav Volkov\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladislav_Volkov\">Vladislav Volkov<\/a>, qui finira tragiquement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Deux ans plus tard, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique suit la m\u00eame voie en pla\u00e7ant en orbite permanente le troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tage de sa grande fus\u00e9e lunaire <em>Saturn\u00a05<\/em>, rhabill\u00e9e pour l\u2019occasion en une station orbitale baptis\u00e9e <em>Skylab<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Dans ces espaces r\u00e9duits, les astronautes \u00e9prouvent le stress du confinement et de la promiscuit\u00e9, aggrav\u00e9e par les malaises du d\u00e9but du vol en apesanteur et les difficiles conditions hygi\u00e9niques, qui rendent invivables les s\u00e9jours de longue dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4265\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4265\" style=\"width: 1107px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Skylab.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4265\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Skylab.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1107\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Skylab.jpg 1107w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Skylab-450x204.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Skylab-1024x465.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Skylab-768x349.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1107px) 100vw, 1107px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4265\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ensemble long de 35 m\u00e8tres et d&#8217;une masse de 90 tonnes dont le module principal est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tage de la fus\u00e9e lunaire g\u00e9ante Saturn V, Skylab est mise en orbite le 14 mai 1973. Le premier \u00e9quipage la rejoint quelques jours plus tard. Trois \u00e9quipages y s\u00e9journeront entre 1973 et 1974, dont le dernier, durant pr\u00e8s de 84 jours, \u00e9tablira un record provisoire. Les astronautes r\u00e9alisent \u00e0 bord de nombreuses observations scientifiques et \u00e9tudient l&#8217;adaptation de l&#8217;homme \u00e0 l&#8217;espace. Ici l&#8217;astronaute Conrad teste le syst\u00e8me de douche.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u2019est avec le lancement de la station orbitale <em>Mir<\/em>, en 1986, que les Sovi\u00e9tiques marquent un pas d\u00e9cisif dans les op\u00e9rations de survie d\u2019\u00e9quipages. Avec l\u2019arrimage de cinq modules, la station s\u2019agrandit de fa\u00e7on importante, et une quantit\u00e9 d\u2019am\u00e9liorations de tous ordres, comme la rel\u00e8ve d\u2019\u00e9quipage et les cargos de ravitaillement, permet d\u2019envisager des vols de plus de six mois.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4266\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4266\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4266\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81-450x450.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Mir_from_STS-81-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4266\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Superbe photographie de la station russe Mir et ses cinq modules d&#8217;habitation, prise depuis la navette spatiale Atlantis en 1997.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">La station s\u2019ouvre alors aux vols internationaux, dans lesquels les Am\u00e9ricains prennent une part tr\u00e8s active. <em>Mir<\/em> sera une grande r\u00e9ussite. Rest\u00e9e quinze ans en orbite, elle a accueilli 103\u00a0passagers appartenant \u00e0 13\u00a0nations, et a permis de faire 23\u00a0000\u00a0exp\u00e9riences scientifiques dans l\u2019espace.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4267\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4267\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated-450x291.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated-1024x662.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Crewmembers_of_STS-71_Mir-18_and_Mir-19_Pose_for_Inflight_Picture_-_GPN-2002-000061_rotated-1536x993.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russes et Am\u00e9ricains r\u00e9unis dans la station spatiale Mir en 1995<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Mais avec le vieillissement de la station et l\u2019effondrement \u00e9conomique de la Russie, <em>Mir<\/em> est abandonn\u00e9e en 2000 et se d\u00e9sint\u00e8gre lors de son retour sur Terre, l\u2019ann\u00e9e d\u2019apr\u00e8s.<!--more--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4268\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4268\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Desinte\u0301gration-Mir.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4268\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Desinte\u0301gration-Mir.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"308\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les d\u00e9bris de la station Mir photographi\u00e9s le 23 mars 2001 dans le ciel des \u00eeles Fiji.<br \/>Mir est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 125 km du point d&#8217;impact pr\u00e9vu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u2019est alors que la Nasa con\u00e7oit un projet de nouvelle station orbitale internationale, l\u2019<em>ISS<\/em> (<em>International Space Station<\/em>). Son assemblage en orbite commence en 1998. Au cours du temps, diff\u00e9rents modules lui sont ajout\u00e9s mais, \u00e0 la suite de nombreux probl\u00e8mes techniques et budg\u00e9taires, sa construction ne s\u2019ach\u00e8ve qu\u2019en 2011.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">L\u2019ISS est le plus grand des objets artificiels plac\u00e9s en orbite terrestre. Elle s\u2019\u00e9tend sur 110\u00a0m\u00e8tres de longueur, 74\u00a0m\u00e8tres de largeur et 30\u00a0m\u00e8tres de hauteur et a une masse d\u2019environ 400\u00a0tonnes. Plac\u00e9e sur une orbite basse comprise entre 350 et 400\u00a0kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude, ce qui neutralise la gravit\u00e9 terrestre, elle offre une plate-forme id\u00e9ale pour la science de l\u2019espace. Tr\u00e8s interdisciplinaire, cette science inclut des domaines aussi divers que la microbiologie, la physique fondamentale, la biologie humaine, l\u2019astronomie, la m\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et l\u2019observation de la Terre.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/1200px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4270\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/1200px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/1200px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/1200px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132-450x287.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/1200px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132-1024x653.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/1200px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132-768x490.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cette station spatiale internationale a cependant de nombreux d\u00e9tracteurs qui lui reprochent son co\u00fbt, estim\u00e9 \u00e0 110\u00a0milliards de dollars, que ne justifient pas forc\u00e9ment les r\u00e9sultats scientifiques obtenus ou esp\u00e9r\u00e9s. Les partisans, eux, mettent en avant l\u2019exp\u00e9rience acquise dans le domaine des s\u00e9jours longue dur\u00e9e dans l\u2019espace en vue de pr\u00e9parer les futures missions martiennes.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4271\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4271\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Interieur-ISS.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4271\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Interieur-ISS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Interieur-ISS.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Interieur-ISS-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Interieur-ISS-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Interieur-ISS-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de l&#8217;ISS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Les activit\u00e9s de l\u2019ISS devraient s\u2019arr\u00eater en 2024. Elle pourrait \u00eatre remplac\u00e9e par une station spatiale orbitale autour de la Lune. C\u2019est un projet de la Nasa pour la prochaine d\u00e9cennie, en coordination avec l\u2019Europe, la Russie, le Canada et le Japon. Construite par petits bouts, elle servirait de relais pour s\u2019aventurer plus loin dans le syst\u00e8me solaire. Positionn\u00e9e environ 1\u00a0000\u00a0fois plus loin de la Terre que l\u2019ISS aujourd\u2019hui, elle ne serait cependant pas habit\u00e9e en permanence, car autour de la Lune les astronautes ne sont plus prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par le champ magn\u00e9tique de la Terre et sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des bombardements de particules potentiellement tr\u00e8s dangereuses.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4272\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4272\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4272 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace-450x281.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/base-lunaire-nasa-gateway-espace-1536x960.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Projet de station spatiale internationale autour de la Lune (vue d&#8217;artiste).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Si l\u2019Homme veut un jour se rendre sur Mars, il faut donc qu\u2019il trouve un autre moyen d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 survivre plus d\u2019une ann\u00e9e dans un environnement spatial hostile. Pour ce faire, la Chine envisage plut\u00f4t la construction d\u2019une base \u00e0 la surface de notre satellite, projet plus complexe \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser mais probablement plus pertinent.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4273\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4273\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/baselunaire-explorationhumaine-lune-esa-fosterpartners-02.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4244]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4273\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/baselunaire-explorationhumaine-lune-esa-fosterpartners-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/baselunaire-explorationhumaine-lune-esa-fosterpartners-02.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/baselunaire-explorationhumaine-lune-esa-fosterpartners-02-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/baselunaire-explorationhumaine-lune-esa-fosterpartners-02-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4273\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Projet Chinois de base lunaire (vue d&#8217;artiste).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ceci est la onzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas ! De Mir \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es\u00a01960, deux objectifs se pr\u00e9sentent aux explorateurs de &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/02\/28\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-11-de-mir-a-la-station-spatiale-internationale\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (11) : De Mir \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4275,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[14,27,4],"tags":[642,641,639,638,640],"class_list":["post-4244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire-des-sciences-sciences","category-mes-publications","category-sciences","tag-iss","tag-mir","tag-saliout","tag-station-spatiale","tag-sylab"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (11) : De Mir \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale, par Jean-Pierre Luminet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2021\/02\/28\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-11-de-mir-a-la-station-spatiale-internationale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (11) : De Mir \u00e0 la Station spatiale internationale, par Jean-Pierre Luminet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ceci est la onzi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. 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