{"id":4120,"date":"2020-12-07T11:40:30","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T11:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/?p=4120"},"modified":"2020-12-31T14:58:44","modified_gmt":"2020-12-31T14:58:44","slug":"les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-7-objectif-lune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2020\/12\/07\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-7-objectif-lune\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (7) : Objectif Lune"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3970\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-316x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"90\" height=\"129\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-316x450.jpg 316w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-719x1024.jpg 719w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv-768x1093.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/07\/Chroniques-couv.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 90px) 100vw, 90px\" \/><\/a>Ceci est la septi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas !<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify\">Objectif Lune<\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4128\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/HIS.T.5.PointDePassage.BrasDeFer_retoucheok.jpeg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4128 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/HIS.T.5.PointDePassage.BrasDeFer_retoucheok-450x320.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/HIS.T.5.PointDePassage.BrasDeFer_retoucheok-450x320.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/HIS.T.5.PointDePassage.BrasDeFer_retoucheok-1024x727.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/HIS.T.5.PointDePassage.BrasDeFer_retoucheok-768x545.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/HIS.T.5.PointDePassage.BrasDeFer_retoucheok.jpeg 1425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bras de fer symbolique entre Nikita Khrouchtchev\u00a0 et John F.\u00a0 Kennedy \u00e0 propos de l&#8217;affaire des missiles de Cuba, qui a men\u00e9 les deux blocs au bord de la guerre nucl\u00e9aire.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">1962. La guerre froide bat son plein, exacerb\u00e9e par la crise des missiles de Cuba. Les activit\u00e9s spatiales militaires permettent de d\u00e9velopper au pas de charge toute la panoplie des technologies n\u00e9cessaires pour envoyer un Homme sur la Lune. C\u00f4t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain, les programmes <em>Gemini<\/em> et <em>Apollo<\/em> se voient attribuer des budgets colossaux. C\u00f4t\u00e9 russe, la station orbitale permanente devient l\u2019objectif \u00e0 long terme, sans toutefois \u00e9carter la Lune des projets imm\u00e9diats.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Une cinquantaine de missions lunaires am\u00e9ricaines et sovi\u00e9tiques vont ainsi se d\u00e9rouler dans les quinze ann\u00e9es qui suivent. Certaines placent en orbite lunaire des satellites transmettant des photographies d\u00e9taill\u00e9es de la surface, d\u2019autres font atterrir des modules capables d\u2019analyser le sol de notre satellite naturel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">En 1966, <em>Luna\u00a09<\/em> r\u00e9ussit la tr\u00e8s d\u00e9licate man\u0153uvre de l\u2019alunissage en douceur. Le premier drapeau \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0flotter\u00a0\u00bb sur la Lune est sovi\u00e9tique\u00a0!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4129\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4129\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/3panoramas-Luna9.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4129\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/3panoramas-Luna9-450x136.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/3panoramas-Luna9-450x136.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/3panoramas-Luna9-1024x310.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/3panoramas-Luna9-768x232.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/3panoramas-Luna9.jpg 1077w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4129\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Le 3 F\u00e9vrier\u00a0 1966, la sonde sovi\u00e9tique Luna-9 est le premier vaisseau spatiale \u00e0 se poser en douceur sur la Lune. Les 4 et 5 f\u00e9vrier , elle transmet 3 clich\u00e9s panoramiques pris par une cam\u00e9ra optique m\u00e9canique sp\u00e9cialement construite par les ing\u00e9nieurs russes. Les images sont transmises sous forme de signaux vid\u00e9o analogiques \u00e0 un d\u00e9bit \u00e9quivalent \u00e0\u00a0 500 pixels\/ligne.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pour ne pas rester en arri\u00e8re, les Am\u00e9ricains r\u00e9ussissent \u00e0 leur tour l\u2019alunissage avec la sonde <em>Surveyor\u00a01<\/em>, et \u00e0 peine un an plus tard <em>Surveyor\u00a06<\/em> est le premier module capable de red\u00e9coller.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4134\" style=\"width: 405px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Surveyor_6-NASA_lunar_lander.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4134\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Surveyor_6-NASA_lunar_lander-405x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Surveyor_6-NASA_lunar_lander-405x450.jpg 405w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Surveyor_6-NASA_lunar_lander-768x853.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Surveyor_6-NASA_lunar_lander.jpg 781w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Le programme Surveyor de la NASA a, entre juin 1966 et janvier 1968, exp\u00e9di\u00e9 sept sondes automatiques sur la Lune pour d\u00e9montrer la faisabilit\u00e9 d&#8217;un alunissage en douceur. .Cinq vaisseaux, dont le premier Surveyor 1, y sont parvenus, mais deux ont \u00e9chou\u00e9 : Surveyor 2 s&#8217;est \u00e9cras\u00e9 apr\u00e8s une correction de trajectoire rat\u00e9e, and Surveyor 4 a explos\u00e9 avant d&#8217;atteindre le sol. Le 17 novembre 1967, les moteurs de Surveyor 6 sont mis \u00e0 feu durant 2,5 secondes, ce qui permet \u00e0 la sonde de d\u00e9coller du sol lunaire de 3 \u00e0 4 m\u00e8tres et d&#8217;atterrir \u00e0 2,4 m\u00e8tres de sa position d&#8217;origine. Ce \u00ab saut de puce \u00bb lunaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier d\u00e9collage depuis la surface de notre satellite.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cinq sondes <em>Lunar Orbiter<\/em> sont plac\u00e9es en orbite pour cartographier 99\u00a0% de la surface lunaire et d\u00e9finir les sites d\u2019atterrissage des missions <em>Apollo<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4146\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4146\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Image-du-siecle-Orbiter-2.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4146\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Image-du-siecle-Orbiter-2-450x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Image-du-siecle-Orbiter-2-450x338.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Image-du-siecle-Orbiter-2.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4146\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cette photographie du crat\u00e8re Copernicus prise par la sonde Orbiter 2 le 24 Novembre 1966 a suscit\u00e9 un tel enthousiasme qu&#8217;elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 baptis\u00e9e &#8220;Image du si\u00e8cle&#8221;.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Pour des raisons de m\u00e9canique c\u00e9leste, le voyage Terre-Lune aller-retour se pr\u00e9sente de fa\u00e7on optimale lors de certaines fen\u00eatres de tir p\u00e9riodiques et pr\u00e9visibles. Une fen\u00eatre se pr\u00e9sente fin d\u00e9cembre\u00a01968. Le premier vol humain en orbite lunaire est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le vaisseau <em>Apollo\u00a08<\/em>, dont les trois membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage passent No\u00ebl \u00e0 380\u00a0000\u00a0kilom\u00e8tres de chez eux. Les missions s\u2019encha\u00eenent avec succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4135\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo8-Mission.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4135\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo8-Mission-450x177.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo8-Mission-450x177.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo8-Mission-768x303.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo8-Mission.jpg 961w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apollo 8 est le premier vaisseau spatial avec \u00e9quipage \u00e0 atteindre la Lune, \u00e0 s&#8217;y mettre en orbite sans se poser et \u00e0 en revenir. Les trois astronautes\u00a0 Frank Borman, James Lovell et William Anders sont les premiers \u00e0 assister \u00e0 un lever de Terre depuis son satellite naturel et \u00e0 le photographier. A gauche, photo de l&#8217;\u00e9quipe en orbite autour de la Lune, Borman au centre. A droite, premi\u00e8re image de la Terre enti\u00e8re prise par les humains, probablement photographi\u00e9e par William Anders. Le Sud est en haut, l&#8217;Am\u00e9rique du Sud est au milieu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">En mai\u00a01969, <em>Apollo\u00a010<\/em> se met en orbite lunaire et teste toutes les man\u0153uvres con\u00e7ues pour l\u2019alunissage.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4139\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4139\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo-10.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4139\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo-10-450x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo-10-450x338.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo-10.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4139\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La Terre, la Lune et l&#8217;alunisseur d&#8217;Apollo 10 vus de la capsule orbitale en mai 1969. Apollo 10,\u00a0 quatri\u00e8me mission avec \u00e9quipage du programme am\u00e9ricain, est\u00a0 une r\u00e9p\u00e9tition g\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour le premier atterrissage lunaire qui aura lieu deux mois plus tard.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Enfin le 21\u00a0juillet 1969, <em>Apollo\u00a011<\/em> d\u00e9pose le module <em>Eagle<\/em> sur la mer de la Tranquillit\u00e9. <!--more-->Neil Armstrong et Buzz Aldrin sont les premiers hommes \u00e0 marcher sur la Lune. Six cents\u00a0millions de t\u00e9l\u00e9spectateurs assistent en direct au spectacle. La mission semble bien se d\u00e9rouler, mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est toute diff\u00e9rente. Pendant la descente du module, l\u2019ordinateur sature et tombe en panne. Armstrong ne reconna\u00eet pas le site d\u2019alunissage m\u00e9moris\u00e9 pendant l\u2019entra\u00eenement. On est \u00e0 12\u00a0kilom\u00e8tres du point pr\u00e9vu. Il faut improviser, il reste \u00e0 peine quarante secondes de carburant. Armstrong r\u00e9ussit malgr\u00e9 tout l\u2019alunissage en mode manuel. Une fois au sol, les deux marcheurs lunaires font des prises de vue, r\u00e9coltent 22\u00a0kilos de roches, se livrent \u00e0 diverses exp\u00e9riences physiques et veulent prolonger la balade alors qu\u2019il ne leur reste qu\u2019une demi-heure d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne. Sur Terre, les op\u00e9rateurs de la Nasa hurlent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous voulez qu\u2019il y ait un mort\u00a0? Rentrez tout de suite\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb Leur promenade aura dur\u00e9 deux heures trente.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4132\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4132\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew-450x354.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew-450x354.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew-768x604.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew-1536x1207.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/1920px-Apollo_11_Crew.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L&#8217;\u00e9quipage d&#8217;Apollo 11. De gauche \u00e0 droite : Neil Armstrong, commandant de mission; Michael Collins, commandant du module de pilotage; Edwin &#8220;Buzz&#8221; Aldrin, pilote du module lunaire.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4133\" style=\"width: 390px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/390px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4133 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/390px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"390\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/390px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpg 390w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/390px-Aldrin_Apollo_11_original-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buzz Aldrin sur la Lune photographi\u00e9 par Neil Armstrong<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">La mission <em>Apollo\u00a011<\/em>, r\u00e9ussie quelques mois avant la date butoir donn\u00e9e par Kennedy, est aujourd\u2019hui encore consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement le plus important de la conqu\u00eate spatiale. Le programme <em>Apollo<\/em> va se poursuivre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mission num\u00e9ro\u00a017, de d\u00e9cembre\u00a01972.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4140\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4140\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-scaled.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4140 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-450x176.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-450x176.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-1024x401.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-768x301.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-1536x602.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/Apollo17-2048x802.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Derni\u00e8re mission lunaire Apollo 17. Pendant que Ron Evans restait en orbite dans le module de commande, Eugene Cernan et le g\u00e9ologue Harrison Schmitt ont pass\u00e9 22 heures au sol, parcouru 30 km dans leur jeep lunaire et r\u00e9colt\u00e9 110 kg d&#8217;\u00e9chantillons de roches et de poussi\u00e8re.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Au total, une douzaine d\u2019astronautes am\u00e9ricains se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s, \u00e0 pied ou en jeep, \u00e0 la surface de la Lune, et ont rapport\u00e9 382\u00a0kilos de roches lunaires extraites de six r\u00e9gions diff\u00e9rentes, \u00e0 comparer aux 336\u00a0grammes ramen\u00e9s sur Terre \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque par les missions sovi\u00e9tiques du programme <em>Luna<\/em>, \u00e9quip\u00e9es pour leur part de prodigieux automates.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4141\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4141\" style=\"width: 356px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/roches-lunaires-crow-jsc-s.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4141\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/roches-lunaires-crow-jsc-s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4141\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sur les 382 kg de roches lunaires ramen\u00e9s par Apollo, 23 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits dans le cadre de travaux scientifiques et\u00a0 61 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 alt\u00e9r\u00e9s lors de manipulations pour analyse. Il reste donc les 3\/4 du butin totalement intacts, pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s sur une zone repr\u00e9sentant moins de 2% de la surface lunaire. La plupart se trouvent dans un coffre-fort s\u00e9curis\u00e9 du Lunar Sample Laboratory de la Nasa, au sein du Johnson Space Center, \u00e0 Houston.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Entre-temps cependant, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du public a vite diminu\u00e9. Des voix se sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es contre le co\u00fbt du programme, des restrictions budg\u00e9taires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vot\u00e9es par le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain. Depuis 1972, plus aucun astronaute ne s\u2019est \u00e9loign\u00e9 de plus de quelques centaines de kilom\u00e8tres de la Terre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Or, l\u2019aventure a \u00e9t\u00e9 exceptionnelle, tant sur le plan scientifique que culturel. Certes, l\u2019exploration de la Lune peut s\u2019effectuer \u00e0 moindres co\u00fbts et \u00e0 moindres risques sans l\u2019intervention physique de l\u2019Homme. Mais aucune sonde automatique n\u2019est en mesure de traduire ce que le po\u00e8te Archibald MacLeish a exprim\u00e9 dans cette une du <em>New York Times<\/em>\u00a0parue le jour de No\u00ebl 1968: \u00ab\u00a0<em>Contempler la Terre telle qu\u2019elle est r\u00e9ellement, petit joyau bleu flottant dans un silence \u00e9ternel, c\u2019est r\u00e9aliser que nous sommes des passagers solidaires de la Terre, fr\u00e8res pour l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9 sur cette beaut\u00e9 multicolore au milieu du froid \u00e9ternel, fr\u00e8res qui r\u00e9alisent maintenant qu\u2019ils sont vraiment fr\u00e8res.<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/NYTimes-Noel1968.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[4120]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4142\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/NYTimes-Noel1968-450x344.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/NYTimes-Noel1968-450x344.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/NYTimes-Noel1968-1024x783.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/NYTimes-Noel1968-768x588.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/NYTimes-Noel1968.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Cinquante ans plus tard, nous sommes encore tr\u00e8s loin de cette fraternit\u00e9 r\u00eav\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ceci est la septi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. Si vous souhaitez acqu\u00e9rir mon livre dans sa version papier non illustr\u00e9e (\u00e9dition d\u2019origine 2019 ou en poche 2020), ne vous privez pas ! Objectif Lune 1962. La guerre froide bat son plein, exacerb\u00e9e par la crise des missiles de Cuba. Les activit\u00e9s &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2020\/12\/07\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-7-objectif-lune\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (7) : Objectif Lune<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[14,27,4],"tags":[613,614,585,612,108,615,616],"class_list":["post-4120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire-des-sciences-sciences","category-mes-publications","category-sciences","tag-apollo","tag-armstrong","tag-conquete-spatiale","tag-luna-9","tag-lune","tag-macleish","tag-surveyor"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (7) : Objectif Lune, par Jean-Pierre Luminet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/luminet\/2020\/12\/07\/les-chroniques-de-lespace-illustrees-7-objectif-lune\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es (7) : Objectif Lune, par Jean-Pierre Luminet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ceci est la septi\u00e8me de mes \u00ab Chroniques de l\u2019espace illustr\u00e9es \u00bb. 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