{"id":932,"date":"2019-08-08T08:02:27","date_gmt":"2019-08-08T06:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/?p=932"},"modified":"2019-08-17T20:04:55","modified_gmt":"2019-08-17T18:04:55","slug":"le-paradoxe-de-simpson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2019\/08\/08\/le-paradoxe-de-simpson\/","title":{"rendered":"Le paradoxe de Simpson"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En 1973, Berkeley, l\u2019universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine, fut poursuivie pour discrimination envers les filles. L\u2019affaire semblait claire. Parmi les candidates, seule 35 % \u00e9taient retenues alors que 44 % des candidatures masculines l\u2019\u00e9taient. L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e sur les six d\u00e9partements les plus importants, que nous notons ici de A \u00e0 F.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-934 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2019\/07\/simpson-300x107.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2019\/07\/simpson-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2019\/07\/simpson-768x275.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2019\/07\/simpson-1024x366.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2019\/07\/simpson.png 1443w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">D\u00e9tails des admissions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ce tableau ne montre aucune discrimination envers les femmes. Au contraire, le taux d\u2019admission des filles dans le principal d\u00e9partement (A) est nettement sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des gar\u00e7ons. L\u2019explication vient quand on regarde le nombre de candidatures dans ces d\u00e9partements. Les femmes semblent avoir tendance \u00e0 postuler en masse \u00e0 des d\u00e9partements tr\u00e8s s\u00e9lectifs. Dans ceux-ci, leur taux d\u2019admission est \u00e0 peine plus faible que celui des hommes. Dans les autres, elles sont plus largement s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es que les hommes. Quand on fait la moyenne globale, ce sont les d\u00e9partements s\u00e9lectifs qui ont plus de poids, puisqu\u2019elles y postulent en masse. Ce paradoxe a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par Edward Simpson (n\u00e9 en 1922). On le retrouve dans de nombreux cas.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En 1973, Berkeley, l\u2019universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine, fut poursuivie pour discrimination envers les filles. L\u2019affaire semblait claire. Parmi les candidates, seule 35 % \u00e9taient retenues alors que 44 % des candidatures masculines l\u2019\u00e9taient. L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e sur les six d\u00e9partements les plus importants, que nous notons ici de A \u00e0 F. &nbsp; Ce tableau ne montre &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2019\/08\/08\/le-paradoxe-de-simpson\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Le paradoxe de Simpson<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[29,98],"tags":[362,283,363,189],"class_list":["post-932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maths-2","category-viequotidienne","tag-discrimination","tag-paradoxe","tag-simpson","tag-statistique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le paradoxe de Simpson, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2019\/08\/08\/le-paradoxe-de-simpson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le paradoxe de Simpson, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 1973, Berkeley, l\u2019universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine, fut poursuivie pour discrimination envers les filles. 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