{"id":343,"date":"2018-06-30T10:44:05","date_gmt":"2018-06-30T08:44:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/?p=343"},"modified":"2018-07-12T09:45:07","modified_gmt":"2018-07-12T07:45:07","slug":"de-tannenberg-au-miracle-de-la-vistule","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/30\/de-tannenberg-au-miracle-de-la-vistule\/","title":{"rendered":"De Tannenberg au &#8220;miracle&#8221; de la Vistule"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quel rapport entre la bataille de Tannenberg (26-29 ao\u00fbt 1914) et la bataille de Varsovie (13-25 ao\u00fbt 1920) ? Dans les deux cas, les arm\u00e9es russes furent d\u00e9faites par des arm\u00e9es tr\u00e8s inf\u00e9rieures en nombre du fait de l&#8217;interception de leurs communications radios.<\/p>\n<h2>La bataille de Tannenberg<\/h2>\n<p>En ao\u00fbt 1914, l&#8217;entr\u00e9e en guerre de la Russie se fit dans une telle pr\u00e9cipitation qu&#8217;aucun mat\u00e9riel cryptographique n&#8217;avait \u00e9t\u00e9 livr\u00e9 si bien que les communications russes se faisaient en clair par radio. Autrement dit, les Allemands \u00e9taient invit\u00e9s aux r\u00e9unions d&#8217;\u00e9tat-major des Russes. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral en chef allemand sut utiliser cet avantage pour diviser les arm\u00e9es russes et an\u00e9antir l&#8217;une d&#8217;entre elles.<\/p>\n<h2>Le &#8220;miracle&#8221; de la Vistule<\/h2>\n<p>Si le renseignement allemand avait \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement aid\u00e9 par l&#8217;absence de chiffrement des messages russes en 1914, c&#8217;est par le d\u00e9cryptement que, en 1920, les Polonais s&#8217;invit\u00e8rent aux r\u00e9unions d&#8217;\u00e9tat-major russe avec un r\u00e9sultat identique. La victoire qui s&#8217;ensuivit fut attribu\u00e9 par le clerg\u00e9 polonais \u00e0 une intervention divine d&#8217;o\u00f9 le nom qui lui fut attribu\u00e9 de miracle de la Vistule.<\/p>\n<h2>L&#8217;excellence polonaise en mati\u00e8re de cryptologie<\/h2>\n<p>Le miracle de la Vistule est donc avant tout un miracle du d\u00e9cryptement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-321\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/HL-PLD-0-158x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"158\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/HL-PLD-0-158x300.jpg 158w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/HL-PLD-0.jpg 358w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;excellence du bureau du chiffre polonais se poursuivit jusqu&#8217;au d\u00e9but de la Seconde Guerre mondiale puisque le premier d\u00e9cryptement d\u2019Enigma fut un succ\u00e8s conjoint de l\u2019espionnage fran\u00e7ais et du g\u00e9nie de trois math\u00e9maticiens polonais\u00a0: Marian Rejewski (1905 \u2013 1980), Jerzy Rozycki (1909 \u2013 1942) et Henryck Zygalski (1908 \u2013 1978). L\u2019espionnage a fourni les tables de chiffrement de l\u2019arm\u00e9e allemande de 1931 \u00e0 1938. Les math\u00e9matiques ont permis, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce renseignement, de reconstituer les c\u00e2blages de la version militaire de l\u2019Enigma et de fabriquer des r\u00e9pliques d\u2019Enigma d\u00e8s 1933. Les messages furent alors d\u00e9chiffr\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. Les math\u00e9maticiens polonais cherch\u00e8rent \u00e0 pouvoir se passer des tables de chiffrement, ce qu\u2019ils r\u00e9ussirent \u00e0 faire, en particulier en cr\u00e9ant une machine, la <em>bomba<\/em>. Elle permettait de trouver la clef du jour en quelques minutes. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de la Pologne puis celle de la France, les r\u00e9sultats polonais furent livr\u00e9s aux Britanniques. Le math\u00e9maticien Alan Turing (1912 \u2013 1954) et son \u00e9quipe de Bletchley Park reprirent avec succ\u00e8s le d\u00e9cryptement en l\u2019am\u00e9liorant et en l\u2019adaptant aux complexifications successives d\u2019Enigma. La guerre fut probablement \u00e9court\u00e9e de deux ans gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9cryptement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quel rapport entre la bataille de Tannenberg (26-29 ao\u00fbt 1914) et la bataille de Varsovie (13-25 ao\u00fbt 1920) ? Dans les deux cas, les arm\u00e9es russes furent d\u00e9faites par des arm\u00e9es tr\u00e8s inf\u00e9rieures en nombre du fait de l&#8217;interception de leurs communications radios. La bataille de Tannenberg En ao\u00fbt 1914, l&#8217;entr\u00e9e en guerre de la &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/30\/de-tannenberg-au-miracle-de-la-vistule\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">De Tannenberg au &#8220;miracle&#8221; de la Vistule<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[9,63],"tags":[143,144,59,141,145],"class_list":["post-343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cryptologie","category-histoire","tag-bataille-de-tannenberg","tag-bataille-de-varsovie","tag-cryptologie","tag-histoire","tag-miracle-de-la-vistule"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>De Tannenberg au &quot;miracle&quot; de la Vistule, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/30\/de-tannenberg-au-miracle-de-la-vistule\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De Tannenberg au &quot;miracle&quot; de la Vistule, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quel rapport entre la bataille de Tannenberg (26-29 ao\u00fbt 1914) et la bataille de Varsovie (13-25 ao\u00fbt 1920) ? 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