{"id":330,"date":"2018-06-09T15:55:21","date_gmt":"2018-06-09T13:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/?p=330"},"modified":"2018-06-30T10:46:09","modified_gmt":"2018-06-30T08:46:09","slug":"victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/","title":{"rendered":"Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;font-size: 12pt\">Le d\u00e9cryptement d\u2019un seul message peut d\u00e9cider du sort d\u2019une bataille ou d\u2019une n\u00e9gociation. Ce fut le cas en 1626 quand les troupes du prince de Cond\u00e9 assi\u00e9geant R\u00e9almont intercept\u00e8rent un messager sortant de la ville, porteur d\u2019un message incompr\u00e9hensible. Cond\u00e9 fit venir un jeune professeur de math\u00e9matiques de la r\u00e9gion, Antoine Rossignol des Roches, qui en trouva le sens. Le message annon\u00e7ait que la ville \u00e9tait \u00e0 cours de munition. Cond\u00e9 fit porter le message d\u00e9crypt\u00e9 \u00e0 la ville, qui se rendit. La bataille fut gagn\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la seule arme du Chiffre\u00a0! <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Chiffrement par alphabet chiffr\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;font-size: 12pt\">Ce message avait vraisemblablement \u00e9t\u00e9 chiffr\u00e9 au moyen d\u2019un alphabet chiffr\u00e9, o\u00f9 chaque lettre est remplac\u00e9e par un symbole, tr\u00e8s en vogue \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_335\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-335\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-335 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL03-300x100.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL03-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL03-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL03-1024x342.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL03.png 1745w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-335\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un alphabet chiffr\u00e9 de 1626 (Archives de Strasbourg). Chaque lettre doit \u00eatre remplac\u00e9e par le symbole inscrit au dessus.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;font-size: 12pt\">Le d\u00e9cryptement repose \u00e0 la fois sur les math\u00e9matiques et sur la linguistique<span style=\"font-family: Lato,sans-serif\">. Les math\u00e9matiques par la m\u00e9thode des fr\u00e9quences qui permet au moins de trouver le symbole repr\u00e9sentant la lettre &#8220;e&#8221;. La linguistique par la m\u00e9thode du mot probable qui permet de deviner des lots du message selon le contexte. Par exemple, dans un message sortant d&#8217;une ville assi\u00e9g\u00e9e, on peut s&#8217;attendre \u00e0 des mots comme &#8220;vivres&#8221; ou &#8220;munitions&#8221;.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Chiffrement par dictionnaire chiffr\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"margin: 0px;line-height: 107%;font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">La faiblesse des alphabets chiffr\u00e9s, m\u00eame am\u00e9lior\u00e9s en chiffrant de plusieurs fa\u00e7ons diff\u00e9rentes les lettres fr\u00e9quentes et en ajoutant des nulles, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des symboles ne signifiant rien, amena Rossignol \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des dictionnaires chiffr\u00e9s c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des dictionnaires bilingues dont l\u2019une des langues est le fran\u00e7ais et la seconde, des nombres. Ainsi, on chiffre non seulement des lettres (et ce de plusieurs mani\u00e8res), comme auparavant, mais aussi des syllabes et des mots. La m\u00e9thode des fr\u00e9quences n\u2019a alors plus aucun sens et celle du mot probable devient difficile \u00e0 utiliser. Leur inconv\u00e9nient principal est leur sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019espionnage ou aux hasards de la guerre.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_337\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-337\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-337 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL10-300x222.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL10-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/CryptologieStrasbourgHL10.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-337\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un dictionnaire chiffr\u00e9 o\u00f9 les lettres, mots, syllabes sont chiffr\u00e9s par des nombres. Archives de Srasbourg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le d\u00e9cryptement d\u2019un seul message peut d\u00e9cider du sort d\u2019une bataille ou d\u2019une n\u00e9gociation. Ce fut le cas en 1626 quand les troupes du prince de Cond\u00e9 assi\u00e9geant R\u00e9almont intercept\u00e8rent un messager sortant de la ville, porteur d\u2019un message incompr\u00e9hensible. Cond\u00e9 fit venir un jeune professeur de math\u00e9matiques de la r\u00e9gion, Antoine Rossignol des Roches, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":332,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[9,63],"tags":[43,59,141,142],"class_list":["post-330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cryptologie","category-histoire","tag-cryptographie","tag-cryptologie","tag-histoire","tag-rossignol"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le d\u00e9cryptement d\u2019un seul message peut d\u00e9cider du sort d\u2019une bataille ou d\u2019une n\u00e9gociation. Ce fut le cas en 1626 quand les troupes du prince de Cond\u00e9 assi\u00e9geant R\u00e9almont intercept\u00e8rent un messager sortant de la ville, porteur d\u2019un message incompr\u00e9hensible. Cond\u00e9 fit venir un jeune professeur de math\u00e9matiques de la r\u00e9gion, Antoine Rossignol des Roches, &hellip; Continuer la lecture de Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MATH&#039;MONDE, le blog d&#039;Herv\u00e9 LEHNING, agr\u00e9g\u00e9 de math\u00e9matiques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-09T13:55:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-06-30T08:46:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/Rossignol_Antoine-e1528547064995.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"825\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1122\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/\",\"name\":\"Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/Rossignol_Antoine-e1528547064995.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-09T13:55:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-06-30T08:46:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/Rossignol_Antoine-e1528547064995.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/06\/Rossignol_Antoine-e1528547064995.jpg\",\"width\":825,\"height\":1122},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2018\/06\/09\/victoire-remportee-seule-arme-chiffre\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Une victoire remport\u00e9e par la seule arme du chiffre\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/\",\"name\":\"MATH&#039;MONDE, le blog d&#039;Herv\u00e9 LEHNING, agr\u00e9g\u00e9 de math\u00e9matiques\",\"description\":\"Comment comprendre le monde moderne sans culture math\u00e9matique ? 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