{"id":1427,"date":"2021-11-17T14:24:18","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T13:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/?p=1427"},"modified":"2021-11-20T10:25:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T09:25:17","slug":"science-et-croyance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2021\/11\/17\/science-et-croyance\/","title":{"rendered":"Science et croyance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Moi, monsieur, je crois en la science&#8221;.\u00a0 Cette parole d&#8217;un journaliste sur un plateau t\u00e9l\u00e9vision rapprochant l&#8217;univers de la croyance et celui de la science\u00a0 est troublant et tient de l&#8217;oxymore, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire de l&#8217;auto-contradiction.<\/p>\n<p>Le verbe \u00ab\u00a0croire\u00a0\u00bb est peu employ\u00e9 dans le domaine scientifique. Pour donner un exemple, en 1742, Christian Goldbach a affirm\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0tout nombre pair est somme de deux nombres premiers\u00a0\u00bb. Il y croyait mais, \u00e0 ce jour, personne n\u2019a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 prouver ni que cette assertion de Goldbach \u00e9tait vraie, ni qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait fausse. J\u2019oserai par exemple dire\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0je crois la conjecture de Goldbach vraie\u00a0\u00bb mais cette croyance sort des math\u00e9matiques. En fait, \u00ab\u00a0croire\u00a0\u00bb fait partie du vocabulaire de la religion, pas de la science et encore moins des math\u00e9matiques. Dire \u00ab\u00a0je crois en la science\u00a0\u00bb est quasiment un oxymore car la science n\u2019est pas affaire de croyance mais de faits prouv\u00e9s, ce qui n\u2019exclut pas la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019erreurs.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Les \u00ab fake news \u00bb et l\u2019esprit religieux<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>On retrouve la structure du religieux dans la lutte contre les \u00ab fake news \u00bb o\u00f9 certains, journalistes ou hommes politiques, s\u2019arrogent le droit de dire la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 au nom de la science sans la moindre habilitation \u00e0 le faire. L\u2019Eglise catholique est au moins plus honn\u00eate quand elle le fait puisqu\u2019elle cite ses sources : le livre (qu\u2019elle consid\u00e8re comme) sacr\u00e9. Donner le droit \u00e0 des hommes politiques de dire \u00ab la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00bb dans des domaines hors de leurs comp\u00e9tences n\u2019est pas raisonnable. C\u2019est faire un proc\u00e8s sans d\u00e9bat contradictoire o\u00f9 le juge remplit tous les r\u00f4les, celui de bourreau compris.<\/p>\n<h1>Science et pseudo-science<\/h1>\n<p>Les astrologues utilisent des donn\u00e9es scientifiques ce qui donne \u00e0 l&#8217;astrologie une allure de science, mais ce n&#8217;est en rien une science ! Si deux personnes partagent les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es, elles ont le m\u00eame horoscope mais sans doute pas le m\u00eame avenir. Quand l&#8217;astronomie est une science, l&#8217;astrologie est une pseudo-science. De m\u00eame, la chimie est une science et l&#8217;alchimie une pseudo-science. Dans chaque cas particulier, on peut distinguer science et pseudo-science mais quel est le crit\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ral permettant de distinguer les deux ?<\/p>\n<p>Pour Karl Popper (1902-1994), la distinction est la r\u00e9futabilit\u00e9. Une science est r\u00e9futable, une pseudo-science ne l&#8217;est pas car repose sur des dogmes.<\/p>\n<p>Popper est frapp\u00e9 par le fait que la th\u00e9orie d\u2019Einstein serait intenable si certaines conditions n\u2019\u00e9taient pas remplies, en particulier le d\u00e9calage vers le rouge des lignes spectrales d\u00fb au potentiel de gravitation devait ne pas exister, la th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la relativit\u00e9 serait insoutenable.<\/p>\n<h1>Les po\u00e8mes de Nostradamus<\/h1>\n<p>Quand on parle d&#8217;astrologie, difficile de ne pas citer Nostradamus, toujours lu cinq si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s sa mort. En effet, il a \u00e9crit un livre myst\u00e9rieux qu&#8217;il a nomm\u00e9 <em>Proph\u00e9ties.\u00a0<\/em>Il se pr\u00e9sente comme une s\u00e9rie de quatrains dont la plupart n&#8217;ont pas de sens \u00e9vident et certains ressemblent \u00e0 des pr\u00e9visions. Voici le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre dans lequel on peut lire des allusions \u00e0 la mort tragique du roi Henry II :<\/p>\n<p>Le lyon jeune le vieux surmontera<\/p>\n<p>En champ bellique par singulier duelle<\/p>\n<p>Dans cage d&#8217;or les yeux lui cr\u00e8vera<\/p>\n<p>Deux classes une, puis mort cruelle.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Moi, monsieur, je crois en la science&#8221;.\u00a0 Cette parole d&#8217;un journaliste sur un plateau t\u00e9l\u00e9vision rapprochant l&#8217;univers de la croyance et celui de la science\u00a0 est troublant et tient de l&#8217;oxymore, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire de l&#8217;auto-contradiction. Le verbe \u00ab\u00a0croire\u00a0\u00bb est peu employ\u00e9 dans le domaine scientifique. Pour donner un exemple, en 1742, Christian Goldbach a affirm\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0tout &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2021\/11\/17\/science-et-croyance\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Science et croyance<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":1423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[63,104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire","category-philosophie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Science et croyance, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/lehning\/2021\/11\/17\/science-et-croyance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Science et croyance, par Herv\u00e9 Lehning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#8220;Moi, monsieur, je crois en la science&#8221;.\u00a0 Cette parole d&#8217;un journaliste sur un plateau t\u00e9l\u00e9vision rapprochant l&#8217;univers de la croyance et celui de la science\u00a0 est troublant et tient de l&#8217;oxymore, c&#8217;est-\u00e0-dire de l&#8217;auto-contradiction. Le verbe \u00ab\u00a0croire\u00a0\u00bb est peu employ\u00e9 dans le domaine scientifique. 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