{"id":919,"date":"2020-04-20T13:40:14","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T13:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/?p=919"},"modified":"2021-02-19T08:42:31","modified_gmt":"2021-02-19T08:42:31","slug":"perseverance-prete-pour-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2020\/04\/20\/perseverance-prete-pour-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Le prochain robot martien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le robot am\u00e9ricain Perseverance<\/em>, version am\u00e9lior\u00e9e de la sonde Curiosity<\/em>, est fin pr\u00eat pour son lancement depuis Cap Canaveral vers la plan\u00e8te rouge, entre le 17 juillet et le 5 ao\u00fbt. D\u2019un co\u00fbt estim\u00e9 \u00e0 2,4 milliards de dollars, la mission est une priorit\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e pour la NASA, tout report condamnant la sonde \u00e0 \u00eatre lanc\u00e9e en 2022 (comme son infortun\u00e9e concurrente ExoMars<\/em>) avec un surco\u00fbt estim\u00e9 \u00e0 500 millions de dollars pour g\u00e9rer le retard.<\/p>\n

La NASA a donc mis toutes les chances de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 les handicaps de confinement dus au Covid-19, pour respecter les d\u00e9lais. En l\u2019absence d\u2019une desserte fiable par les avions de ligne, elle va notamment affr\u00e9ter l\u2019un de ses propres avions pour assurer les d\u00e9placements du personnel de Californie en Floride, 160 ing\u00e9nieurs travaillant sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration finale des instruments \u00e0 bord de la sonde qui se trouve d\u00e9sormais au Kennedy Space Center. \u00c0 trois mois du lancement, pr\u00e8s d\u2019une demie-tonne d\u2019hydrazine vient d\u2019\u00eatre charg\u00e9e dans ses r\u00e9servoirs pour sa descente propuls\u00e9e vers la plan\u00e8te rouge.<\/p>\n

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Le robot Perseverance en cours d’int\u00e9gration au Kennedy Space Center (NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rappelons que Perseverance<\/em> doit se poser en f\u00e9vrier 2021 dans le crat\u00e8re Jezero de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord, en bordure d\u2019Isidis Planitia (18\u00b0N, 77\u00b0E). Le robot comprendra une foreuse pour collecter et entreposer en tube des carottes de sol martien pour un \u00e9ventuel rapatriement sur Terre par une mission de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ult\u00e9rieure. Il sera \u00e9galement dot\u00e9 d\u2019un radar pour sonder la texture du sol sous-jacent, d\u2019un prototype d\u2019obtention d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne \u00e0 partir du dioxyde de carbone martien pour de futures usines martienne, et d\u2019une version am\u00e9lior\u00e9e de la cam\u00e9ra-laser fran\u00e7aise d\u2019analyse \u00e0 distance des roches. Il emportera \u00e9galement un petit h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re autonome de deux kilogrammes, de la taille d\u2019un drone avec des pales d\u2019un m\u00e8tre, pour tester le vol sustent\u00e9 dans la fine atmosph\u00e8re martienne.<\/p>\n

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Le petit prototype d’h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re, repli\u00e9, en cours d’int\u00e9gration sur la sonde Perseverance. (NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pendant ce temps, son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur Curiosity continue son exploration du crat\u00e8re Gale, d\u00e9but\u00e9e en ao\u00fbt 2012. Il en est \u00e0 son 2.750\u00e8me jour pass\u00e9 sur Mars. Le robot vient d\u2019explorer une butte de gr\u00e8s, dont il redescend pr\u00e9sentement pour continuer sa progression \u00e0 travers les argiles de fond de lac, vers les sulfates qui les recouvrent et qui constituent les basses pentes de la montagne centrale au crat\u00e8re, le mont Aeolis (anciennement mont Sharp).<\/p>\n

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Vista obtenu par Curiosity en avril, avec la butte de gr\u00e8s au premier plan et \u00e0 l’horizon les rebords du crat\u00e8re Gale. (NASA-JPL\/Caltech)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le robot am\u00e9ricain Perseverance, version am\u00e9lior\u00e9e de la sonde Curiosity, est fin pr\u00eat pour son lancement depuis Cap Canaveral vers la plan\u00e8te rouge, entre le 17 juillet et le 5 ao\u00fbt. D\u2019un co\u00fbt estim\u00e9 \u00e0 2,4 milliards de dollars, la mission est une priorit\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e pour la NASA, tout report condamnant la sonde \u00e0 … Continuer la lecture de Le prochain robot martien<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[13,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-sciences"],"yoast_head":"\nLe prochain robot martien - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le robot Perseverance est pr\u00eat pour son lancement vers Mars, emportant un h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re. 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