{"id":87,"date":"2014-03-04T11:09:46","date_gmt":"2014-03-04T11:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/?p=87"},"modified":"2014-05-08T13:26:18","modified_gmt":"2014-05-08T13:26:18","slug":"ou-curiosity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00f9 est Curiosity ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

En ce d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e 2014, l\u2019automobile Curiosity<\/i> a pass\u00e9 la barri\u00e8re des 500 \u00ab\u00a0sols\u00a0\u00bb (jours martiens) pass\u00e9s sur la plan\u00e8te rouge. Le propre des missions robotiques martiennes, c\u2019est qu\u2019elles se d\u00e9roulent \u00e0 une allure de tortue, le but n\u2019\u00e9tant pas de battre des records de vitesse, mais de progresser sans risques \u00e0 travers un terrain pi\u00e9geux, alternant roches ac\u00e9r\u00e9es et dunes de sable o\u00f9 il est facile de s\u2019enliser. Malgr\u00e9 toutes les pr\u00e9cautions, le rover a d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9 ses roues avant (voir photo), pouss\u00e9es rudement contre les obstacles par la motricit\u00e9 des roues arri\u00e8re. Les ing\u00e9nieurs vont donc composer avec ce probl\u00e8me inattendu, en passant par exemple en r\u00e9gime 4-roues motrices plut\u00f4t que 6-roues motrices, pour diminuer la force exerc\u00e9e par la propulsion, voire retourner le rover et conduire en marche arri\u00e8re pour r\u00e9partir l\u2019usure sur toutes les roues.<\/p>\n

\"Curiosity<\/a>
Curiosity use ses roues avant \u00e0 un rythme inqui\u00e9tant (notez la d\u00e9chirure en haut \u00e0 droite), en raison de roches particuli\u00e8rement tranchantes. (NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/MSSS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/p>\n

Mine de rien, Curiosity<\/i> a couvert \u00e0 ce jour (dernier pointage le 9 f\u00e9vrier) exactement 5\u00a0kilom\u00e8tres depuis son atterrissage en ao\u00fbt 2012, ce qui est \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 la distance parcourue par son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur, la sonde Opportunity<\/i>, pendant le m\u00eame laps de temps en 2004-2005. Il reste pratiquement le double \u00e0 parcourir (une dizaine de kilom\u00e8tres en dents de scie) avant d\u2019arriver au point d\u2019entr\u00e9e des terrains g\u00e9ologiques int\u00e9ressants (la fosse aux argiles, les couches de sulfate) \u00e0 la base du mont Sharp. Les navigateurs esp\u00e8rent bien y arriver avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\"Carte<\/a>
Carte du trajet accompli par Curiosity depuis son atterrissage (Bradbury Landing) sa sortie de l\u2019aire d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage Yellowknife Bay (en haut \u00e0 droite) o\u00f9 ont eu lieu les derni\u00e8res analyses de sol il y a d\u00e9sormais sept mois. L\u2019encadr\u00e9 en bas \u00e0 droite montre un gros plan de la br\u00e8che (Dingo Gap) emprunt\u00e9e par le robot. (NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/MSSS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le cheminement n\u2019est pas ais\u00e9, mais gr\u00e2ce aux images satellite et aux gros plans pris par le robot en 3D, les navigateurs choisissent les options les moins hasardeuses. Ce fut le cas r\u00e9cemment, en passant d\u2019un petit vallon \u00e0 un autre \u00e0 travers une \u00e9chancrure dans une ride rocheuse (\u00ab\u00a0Dingo Gap\u00a0\u00bb), et cela malgr\u00e9 une dune de sable un peu inqui\u00e9tante en pleine trajectoire.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 la base du Mont Sharp, il y a un site interm\u00e9diaire, distant de 800 m\u00e8tres seulement \u00e0 vol d\u2019oiseau (mais sans doute le double en tenant compte des obstacles), o\u00f9 de nouvelles analyses de sol et de roche sont pr\u00e9vues. Le site, temporairement matricul\u00e9 KMS-9 (mais on peut compter sur les Am\u00e9ricains pour un nom plus accrocheur en temps utile), affiche trois types de terrain diff\u00e9rents de ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, et va \u00e9largir notre palette de r\u00e9sultats. Rappelons que jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, Curiosity <\/i>a d\u00e9couvert des sols argileux tr\u00e8s neutres chimiquement, qui t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une eau relativement douce dans un ancien lac au fond du crat\u00e8re Gale, ce qui a consid\u00e9rablement relanc\u00e9 les espoirs que la plan\u00e8te rouge a connu des conditions favorables \u00e0 l\u2019apparition de la vie dans un lointain pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En ce d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e 2014, l\u2019automobile Curiosity a pass\u00e9 la barri\u00e8re des 500 \u00ab\u00a0sols\u00a0\u00bb (jours martiens) pass\u00e9s sur la plan\u00e8te rouge. Le propre des missions robotiques martiennes, c\u2019est qu\u2019elles se d\u00e9roulent \u00e0 une allure de tortue, le but n\u2019\u00e9tant pas de battre des records de vitesse, mais de progresser sans risques \u00e0 travers un terrain … Continuer la lecture de O\u00f9 est Curiosity ?<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":93,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[24,25,23,27,26],"class_list":["post-87","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-curiosity","tag-dingo-gap","tag-mars","tag-rover","tag-yellowknife-bay"],"yoast_head":"\nO\u00f9 est Curiosity ? - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin-fs\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/\",\"name\":\"O\u00f9 est Curiosity ? - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2014\/03\/Curiosity_NASA.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-03-04T11:09:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-05-08T13:26:18+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#\/schema\/person\/31b04d9a7e330fc39ac1fea8a1bd5b1d\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/03\/04\/ou-curiosity\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2014\/03\/Curiosity_NASA.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2014\/03\/Curiosity_NASA.jpg\",\"width\":1600,\"height\":1086},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/\",\"name\":\"Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"description\":\"La science ? 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