{"id":598,"date":"2017-04-05T07:00:40","date_gmt":"2017-04-05T07:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/?p=598"},"modified":"2017-05-05T14:23:41","modified_gmt":"2017-05-05T14:23:41","slug":"va-se-poser-exomars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/04\/05\/va-se-poser-exomars\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00f9 va donc se poser ExoMars ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u00f9 va donc se poser ExoMars\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Le rover europ\u00e9en ExoMars, qui sera la seconde tentative d\u2019atterrissage sur Mars de l\u2019ESA apr\u00e8s le crash de Schiaparelli en octobre 2016, peaufine sa pr\u00e9paration. Son lancement a \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9 de 2018 \u00e0 2020, car beaucoup de travail reste \u00e0 faire, et son arriv\u00e9e sur Mars est d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9vue en avril 2021.<\/p>\n

Cela laisse notamment du temps suppl\u00e9mentaire aux ing\u00e9nieurs et aux g\u00e9ologues pour bien choisir le site, \u00e0 la fois dans l\u2019optique des man\u0153uvres d\u2019atterrissage que pour l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9ologique au sol, sachant que le rover a une autonomie de deux kilom\u00e8tres. Bien s\u00fbr on peut esp\u00e9rer plus, mais \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, il convient tout d\u2019abord de viser juste.<\/p>\n

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Les quatre sites finalistes de la mission ExoMars sur fond de carte topographique (en vert les altitudes moyennes). Apr\u00e8s le choix d’Oxia Planum, les supporters de Mawrth Vallis reviennent \u00e0 la charge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 2015, la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Oxia Planum pr\u00e8s de l\u2019\u00e9quateur de Mars, fut choisie par l\u2019ESA parmi quatre finalistes, les trois autres \u00e9tant Mawrth Vallis (un peu plus haut en latitude), Hypanis Vallis et Aram Dorsum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Oxia Planum et les ellipses d’atterrissage selon la trajectoire finale d’ExoMars (ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin et NASA MGS MOLA Science Team)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Oxia Planum r\u00e9pond en effet bien aux exigences d\u2019un terrain relativement plat, et d\u2019apr\u00e8s la t\u00e9l\u00e9-reconnaissance depuis orbite, serait abondant en argiles divers et vari\u00e9s qui seraient la trace d\u2019\u00e9coulements d\u2019eau en surface\u2014ou d\u2019une eau qui aurait imbib\u00e9 le sous-sol martien\u2014 dans un tr\u00e8s lointain pass\u00e9. Les sites finalistes de l\u2019ESA ont tous un \u00e2ge estim\u00e9 autour de 4 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, alors que les sites visit\u00e9s jusqu\u2019alors par Curiosity et les autres sondes de la NASA ne sont \u00e2g\u00e9s de 3,7 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, voire beaucoup moins. L\u2019\u00e9poque ant\u00e9rieure, vis\u00e9e par ExoMars, \u00e9tait apparemment beaucoup plus humide et donc int\u00e9resse les g\u00e9ologues et les biologistes au plus haut point.<\/p>\n

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Les ellipses d’atterrissage dans Mawrth Vallis: un terrain beaucoup plus risqu\u00e9 (ESA:DLR:FU Berlin & NASA MGS MOLA Science Team)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Comme Oxia Planum, Mawrth Vallis satisfait cet objectif de vieux terrain bourr\u00e9 d\u2019argile. Il avait perdu la \u00ab\u00a0finale\u00a0\u00bb contre Oxia en raison de sa topographie un peu plus tourment\u00e9e, sa latitude un peu d\u00e9cal\u00e9e vers le nord, ce qui r\u00e9duit la pr\u00e9cision de l\u2019atterrissage \u00e0 cause des trajectoires, et aussi \u00e0 cause d\u2019une distribution plus mouchet\u00e9e de ces argiles int\u00e9ressants, qui ne repr\u00e9sentent que 50\u00a0% du terrain (le reste est du vulgaire basalte), contre 80\u00a0% pour Oxia Planum.<\/p>\n

Que Mawrth Vallis ait \u00e9t\u00e9 promu ce mois-ci au m\u00eame rang qu\u2019Oxia Planum pour la destination d\u2019ExoMars montre une certaine audace, certainement doubl\u00e9e d\u2019un lobbying efficace, car pour remporter un choix de la sorte, il faut faire valoir bien des arguments. D\u2019ici le lancement en juillet 2020, il reste trois ans pour choisir\u2026 et esp\u00e9rer qu\u2019ExoMars arrivera ensuite \u00e0 destination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u00f9 va donc se poser ExoMars\u00a0? Le rover europ\u00e9en ExoMars, qui sera la seconde tentative d\u2019atterrissage sur Mars de l\u2019ESA apr\u00e8s le crash de Schiaparelli en octobre 2016, peaufine sa pr\u00e9paration. Son lancement a \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9 de 2018 \u00e0 2020, car beaucoup de travail reste \u00e0 faire, et son arriv\u00e9e sur Mars est d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9vue … Continuer la lecture de O\u00f9 va donc se poser ExoMars ?<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[13,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-sciences"],"yoast_head":"\nO\u00f9 va donc se poser ExoMars ? - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le rover martien ExoMars \u00e9tait cens\u00e9 se poser en 2021 dans Oxia Planum. 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