{"id":586,"date":"2017-03-24T09:10:35","date_gmt":"2017-03-24T09:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/?p=586"},"modified":"2017-04-21T07:53:18","modified_gmt":"2017-04-21T07:53:18","slug":"trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump soutient l’Homme sur Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump signe la loi promulguant le budget et les objectifs de la NASA, sous l’oeil de son principal instigateur, le s\u00e9nateur r\u00e9publicain du Texas Ted Cruz (\u00e0 gauche).\u00a0(Photo Bill Ingalls\/NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le 21 mars, le pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump a sign\u00e9 un projet de loi\u2014\u00ab Bill 442 \u00bb\u2014qui \u00e9tablit le budget de la NASA jusqu\u2019\u00e0 fin 2017, tout en \u00e9tablissant les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019agence spatiale. \u00c9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de Ted Cruz, s\u00e9nateur r\u00e9publicain du Texas, et sept autres de ses confr\u00e8res, cette loi refl\u00e8te en fait les desiderata de la chambre et du s\u00e9nat \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 r\u00e9publicaine, le pr\u00e9sident Trump ne faisant que lui donner son feu vert. On y rel\u00e8ve pour la premi\u00e8re fois la volont\u00e9 affich\u00e9e d\u2019une exploration humaine de la plan\u00e8te Mars en ces termes : \u00ab La feuille de route des vols pilot\u00e9s devra inclure un ensemble int\u00e9gr\u00e9 d\u2019exploration, de science et d\u2019autres buts et objectifs du programme d\u2019exploration pilot\u00e9e des Etats-Unis visant \u00e0 atteindre le but \u00e0 long terme de missions humaines \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la surface de Mars dans les ann\u00e9es 2030. \u00bb Et m\u00eame plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, la date du premier lancement d\u2019un vol pilot\u00e9 vers Mars est fix\u00e9e \u00e0 2033\u2014un panel d\u2019experts devant \u00eatre constitu\u00e9 pour \u00e9tudier cet objectif dans les quatre mois \u00e0 venir, soit pour la mi-juillet.<\/p>\n

On rel\u00e8vera aussi que la loi renouvelle ses critiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du projet soutenu par la NASA jusqu\u2019alors contre vents et mar\u00e9es, cherchant \u00e0 fixer comme prochain objectif de ses vols pilot\u00e9s le remorquage d\u2019un morceau d\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde jusqu\u2019en orbite lunaire o\u00f9 un \u00e9quipage viendrait l\u2019\u00e9chantillonner. R\u00e9futant l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de cette mission, comme l\u2019ont fait nombre de critiques dans la profession, la loi signe en fait son arr\u00eat pur et simple, tout en reconnaissant que des \u00e9tapes sur la route de Mars pourraient \u00eatre un retour sur la Lune, voire sur Phobos, lune de Mars. La loi renouvelle en revanche toute sa confiance au programme du nouveau lanceur lourd SLS en cours de d\u00e9veloppement (dont le tir inaugural pourrait avoir lieu fin 2018) et celui de la capsule Orion, tout en encourageant les fus\u00e9es et modules du secteur priv\u00e9, tous n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de Mars.<\/p>\n

Parmi les grands perdants de la loi promulgu\u00e9e, 200 millions de dollars sont coup\u00e9s du budget de la NASA (qui passe de 19,7 \u00e0 19,5 milliards) dans une attaque qui vise principalement les sciences de la Terre et notamment les satellites d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude du changement climatique, les climato-sceptiques \u00e9tant tr\u00e8s influents au sein du nouveau gouvernement, ce qui est \u00e9videmment une catastrophe pour la science et pour l\u2019environnement. Autre coupe : les fonds qu\u2019utilisait la NASA pour son programme \u00e9ducatif, pourtant si pr\u00e9cieux pour les jeunes, et que l\u2019on peut interpr\u00e9ter comme une volont\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire du gouvernement et du s\u00e9nat de contr\u00f4ler ce qui est enseign\u00e9 \u00e0 propos de la Terre et de l\u2019Univers.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Conseiller \u00e9conomique du pr\u00e9sident, mais n\u00e9anmoins critique, Elon Musk n’est pas impressionn\u00e9 par cette loi du “statu quo”.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En d\u2019autes termes, comment il est possible dans la m\u00eame loi \u00e0 la fois de voguer vers l\u2019avenir et de replonger dans le Moyen \u00c2ge. Quant \u00e0 Elon Musk, pr\u00e9sident de SpaceX, il ne se r\u00e9jouit pas de cette loi qui, selon son tweet, \u00ab ne change pratiquement rien \u00e0 ce que fait la NASA. Les programmes en cours restent en place et aucune somme suppl\u00e9mentaire n\u2019est allou\u00e9e au programme martien. \u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 21 mars, le pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump a sign\u00e9 un projet de loi\u2014\u00ab Bill 442 \u00bb\u2014qui \u00e9tablit le budget de la NASA jusqu\u2019\u00e0 fin 2017, tout en \u00e9tablissant les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019agence spatiale. \u00c9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de Ted Cruz, s\u00e9nateur r\u00e9publicain du Texas, et sept autres de ses confr\u00e8res, cette loi refl\u00e8te en fait les … Continuer la lecture de Trump soutient l’Homme sur Mars<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[15,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinions","category-sciences"],"yoast_head":"\nTrump soutient l'Homme sur Mars - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Donald Trump signe la loi recommandant budget et objectifs pour la NASA, loi qui fait mention de vols pilot\u00e9s \u00e0 destination de Mars d\u00e9butant en 2033.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Charles Frankel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/\",\"name\":\"Trump soutient l'Homme sur Mars - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/trump-cruz-and-bill.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-24T09:10:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-21T07:53:18+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#\/schema\/person\/c6bf521c6d19bf22fb19fb2b3d6fcf63\"},\"description\":\"Donald Trump signe la loi recommandant budget et objectifs pour la NASA, loi qui fait mention de vols pilot\u00e9s \u00e0 destination de Mars d\u00e9butant en 2033.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2017\/03\/24\/trump-soutient-lhomme-sur-mars\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/trump-cruz-and-bill.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/trump-cruz-and-bill.jpg\",\"width\":1073,\"height\":573,\"caption\":\"WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 21: In this handout provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), President Donald Trump, center, signs the NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2017, alongside members of the Senate, Congress, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, Tuesday, March 21, 2017. 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