{"id":477,"date":"2016-03-15T10:30:47","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T10:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/?p=477"},"modified":"2016-08-29T08:36:24","modified_gmt":"2016-08-29T08:36:24","slug":"premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/","title":{"rendered":"La premi\u00e8re sonde ExoMars de l’ESA lanc\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Lancement<\/a>
Lancement d’ExoMars le 14 mars 2016 (Reuters: Shamil Zhumatov)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ce lundi 13 mars \u00e0 9h31 TU, la fus\u00e9e russe Proton-M a lanc\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re mission ExoMars de l\u2019Agence Spatiale Europ\u00e9enne, constitu\u00e9e d\u2019une sonde destin\u00e9e \u00e0 se mettre en orbite de la plan\u00e8te rouge pour \u00e9tudier son atmosph\u00e8re (Trace Gas Orbiter ou TGO) et un petit module destin\u00e9 \u00e0 tester les techniques d\u2019atterrissage sur Mars (une premi\u00e8re pour l\u2019Europe, apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9chec en 2004 de Beagle 2 et baptis\u00e9 Schiaparelli).<\/p>\n

\"La<\/a>
La sonde TGO avec ses panneaux solaires repli\u00e9s, son antenne (\u00e0 droite) et le cocon de l’atterrisseur Schiaparelli (en haut)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Toutes les \u00e9tapes du lancement se sont bien d\u00e9roul\u00e9es, y compris l\u2019injection sur trajectoire martienne et le d\u00e9ploiement des panneaux solaires de la sonde. Le vol durera sept mois, pour une arriv\u00e9e pr\u00e9vue le 19 octobre. L\u2019atterrisseur de 600 kg se sera s\u00e9par\u00e9 trois jours auparavant pour prendre sa propre trajectoire, visant le plateau de Meridiani Planum d\u00e9j\u00e0 explor\u00e9 par la sonde am\u00e9ricaine Opportunity. Mais il ne s\u2019agit pas de faire de la science: seulement se poser, apr\u00e8s un freinage atmosph\u00e9rique avec un bouclier en Norcoat-Liege\u2014une r\u00e9sine de li\u00e8ge sur une structure d\u2019aluminium en nid d\u2019abeille\u2014qui dissipera la chaleur et ralentira la vitesse de descente jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1700 km\/h; puis le d\u00e9ploiement d\u2019un parachute de 12 m de diam\u00e8tre pour freiner la sonde jusqu\u2019\u00e0 240 km\/h; et enfin l\u2019allumage de r\u00e9trofus\u00e9es \u00e0 1200 m\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude pour un impact pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 moins de 10 km\/h.<\/p>\n

\"S\u00e9quence<\/a>
S\u00e9quence d’atterrissage du module technique “de d\u00e9monstration” Schiaparelli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Au sol, les batteries permettront deux \u00e0 trois jours de transmission de donn\u00e9es basiques\u2014temp\u00e9rature, pression, humidit\u00e9, vent, transparence de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re\u2014sans m\u00eame d\u2019image du site d\u2019atterrissage (cela \u00e9tant, une cam\u00e9ra de descente aura pris des images \u00e0 la verticale), car il s\u2019agit d\u2019une mission technologique.<\/p>\n

\"Vue<\/a>
Vue d’artiste de la sonde TGO en poste au-dessus de la plan\u00e8te rouge<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En revanche, c\u2019est la sonde principale TGO, d\u2019une masse de 3 tonnes et en orbite \u00e0 400 km d\u2019altitude, qui assurera la mission scientifique. Sa cam\u00e9ra CaSSIS aura une r\u00e9solution au sol de 5 m\u00e8tres par pixel et appuiera la batterie de spectrom\u00e8tres NOMAD qui \u00e9tudiera les composants gazeux de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re, en analysant la lumi\u00e8re du soleil r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie par celle-ci sous la trajectoire de l\u2019engin, ainsi que la lumi\u00e8re transmise \u00e0 contre-jour \u00e0 travers la tranche de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re lors des couchers et levers de soleil. Le but principal est d\u2019\u00e9tudier les gaz rares et notamment le m\u00e9thane, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9 en tr\u00e8s faibles doses dans le pass\u00e9 (Mars Express en orbite et Curiosity au sol) et dont l\u2019origine est myst\u00e9rieuse, les hypoth\u00e8ses d\u2019\u00e9manations volcaniques, voire de rejets biologiques n\u2019\u00e9tant pas encore \u00e9cart\u00e9es. Une mission \u00e0 suivre donc avec int\u00e9r\u00eat\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce lundi 13 mars \u00e0 9h31 TU, la fus\u00e9e russe Proton-M a lanc\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re mission ExoMars de l\u2019Agence Spatiale Europ\u00e9enne, constitu\u00e9e d\u2019une sonde destin\u00e9e \u00e0 se mettre en orbite de la plan\u00e8te rouge pour \u00e9tudier son atmosph\u00e8re (Trace Gas Orbiter ou TGO) et un petit module destin\u00e9 \u00e0 tester les techniques d\u2019atterrissage … Continuer la lecture de La premi\u00e8re sonde ExoMars de l’ESA lanc\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[13,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-sciences"],"yoast_head":"\nLa premi\u00e8re sonde ExoMars de l'ESA lanc\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Charles Frankel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/\",\"name\":\"La premi\u00e8re sonde ExoMars de l'ESA lanc\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/03\/ExoMars-best-launch.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-03-15T10:30:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-08-29T08:36:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#\/schema\/person\/c6bf521c6d19bf22fb19fb2b3d6fcf63\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2016\/03\/15\/premiere-sonde-exomars-de-lesa-lancee-succes\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/03\/ExoMars-best-launch.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/03\/ExoMars-best-launch.jpg\",\"width\":940,\"height\":627,\"caption\":\"Lancement d'ExoMars le 14 mars 2016 (Reuters: Shamil Zhumatov)\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/\",\"name\":\"Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"description\":\"La science ? 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