{"id":247,"date":"2014-08-06T09:50:34","date_gmt":"2014-08-06T09:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/?p=247"},"modified":"2015-02-16T09:56:03","modified_gmt":"2015-02-16T09:56:03","slug":"nouvelle-carte-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/08\/06\/nouvelle-carte-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Nouvelle carte de Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"

La US Geological Survey (USGS), bureau g\u00e9ologique des \u00c9tats-Unis, vient de publier sa nouvelle carte de la plan\u00e8re Mars, sous la direction de son cartographe “martien” Kenneth Tanaka.<\/p>\n

\"La<\/a>
La face volcanique de Mars, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des plateaux volcaniques (rose saumonn\u00e9)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’ancienne version datait de 1987, \u00e9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 partir des images Viking des ann\u00e9es 1970s. La nouvelle version profite de toutes les donn\u00e9es r\u00e9colt\u00e9es par les sondes orbitales les plus r\u00e9centes, \u00e0 savoir Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), et la sonde europ\u00e9enne Mars Express. Elle utilise surtout les donn\u00e9es altim\u00e9triques radar de MGS et les donn\u00e9es infrarouges de Mars Odyssey.<\/p>\n

Les terrains de la nouvelle carte sont divis\u00e9s en une cinquantaine de types, sur la foi de leur \u00e2ge (c’est le crit\u00e8re de base d’une carte g\u00e9ologique) et l\u00e0 o\u00f9 c’est possible, de leur texture ou de leur nature\u00a0: \u00e9jectats m\u00e9t\u00e9oritiques, laves volcaniques, couches s\u00e9dimentaires…<\/p>\n

Les nouvelles donn\u00e9es, en particulier, ont mis \u00e0 jour l’\u00e9tendue jusqu’alors sous-estim\u00e9e des plus vieux terrains martiens encore identifiables : ceux d’\u00e2ge Noachien inf\u00e9rieur<\/em>, c’est-\u00e0-dire d’un \u00e2ge grossi\u00e8rement compris entre 4,1 et 4,0 milliards d’ann\u00e9es. Leur surface reconnue a plus que tripl\u00e9, d\u00e9passant 20 millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s (40 fois la France), soit d\u00e9sormais plus de 15 % de la surface martienne.<\/p>\n

Les coul\u00e9es de lave, quant \u00e0 elles, sont surtout identifi\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de la p\u00e9riode g\u00e9ologique suivante, l’Hesp\u00e9rien<\/em>, qui d\u00e9bute il y a 3,7 milliards d’ann\u00e9es (apr\u00e8s le Noachien moyen<\/em> et le Noachien sup\u00e9rieur<\/em>). L’activit\u00e9 g\u00e9ologique d\u00e9cline alors rapidement, mais perdure jusqu’\u00e0 aujourd’hui (Amazonien sup\u00e9rieur<\/em>) avec des inondations catastrophiques et des \u00e9ruptions volcaniques rares, mais notables, sans compter le remaniement perp\u00e9tuel de la surface au gr\u00e9 des changements climatiques.<\/p>\n

Il ne reste plus aux astronautes qu’\u00e0 d\u00e9barquer sur Mars, marteau de g\u00e9ologue et nouvelle carte en main…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La US Geological Survey (USGS), bureau g\u00e9ologique des \u00c9tats-Unis, vient de publier sa nouvelle carte de la plan\u00e8re Mars, sous la direction de son cartographe “martien” Kenneth Tanaka. L’ancienne version datait de 1987, \u00e9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 partir des images Viking des ann\u00e9es 1970s. La nouvelle version profite de toutes les donn\u00e9es r\u00e9colt\u00e9es par les sondes orbitales … Continuer la lecture de Nouvelle carte de Mars<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[13,4],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-sciences","tag-carte-geologique-de-mars"],"yoast_head":"\nNouvelle carte de Mars - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La nouvelle carte g\u00e9ologique de Mars (2014) vient d'\u00eatre publi\u00e9e\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/08\/06\/nouvelle-carte-mars\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Charles Frankel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/08\/06\/nouvelle-carte-mars\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/08\/06\/nouvelle-carte-mars\/\",\"name\":\"Nouvelle carte de Mars - Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-08-06T09:50:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-02-16T09:56:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#\/schema\/person\/c6bf521c6d19bf22fb19fb2b3d6fcf63\"},\"description\":\"La nouvelle carte g\u00e9ologique de Mars (2014) vient d'\u00eatre publi\u00e9e\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/2014\/08\/06\/nouvelle-carte-mars\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/frankel\/\",\"name\":\"Carnets de bord d\u2019un martien, le blog de Charles FRANKEL, g\u00e9ologue\",\"description\":\"La science ? 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