{"id":8484,"date":"2017-11-08T15:43:37","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T15:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=8484"},"modified":"2017-11-19T18:24:57","modified_gmt":"2017-11-19T18:24:57","slug":"lancement-de-fabrication-cinquieme-miroir-gmt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2017\/11\/08\/lancement-de-fabrication-cinquieme-miroir-gmt\/","title":{"rendered":"Lancement de la fabrication du cinqui\u00e8me miroir du GMT"},"content":{"rendered":"

La fabrication du cinqui\u00e8me des sept miroirs principaux du GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope<\/em>) d\u00e9bute, alors que la construction de l’observatoire est en cours.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Financ\u00e9 principalement par de grandes universit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines, le GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope<\/em><\/a>) sera\u00a0install\u00e9 dans le\u00a0d\u00e9sert d\u2019Atacama<\/a>\u00a0au Chili o\u00f9 la construction de l’observatoire a commenc\u00e9 depuis deux ans.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Avec\u00a0l\u2019E-ELT (pour\u00a0European Extremely Large Telescope<\/a><\/em>) construit au Chili par l\u2019ESO et le TMT (pour\u00a0Thirty Meters Telescope<\/a><\/em>) qui trouvera sa place au sommet du Mauna Kea \u00e0 Hawa\u00ef, le GMT est le\u00a0troisi\u00e8me t\u00e9lescope g\u00e9ant terrestre qui va r\u00e9volutionner le monde de l\u2019astronomie au cours des deux prochaines d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n

Si le principe optique de l\u2019E-ELT est comparable \u00e0 celui du TMT (un miroir de 39 m form\u00e9\u00a0de 798 \u00e9l\u00e9ments hexagonaux pour le premier, un miroir de 30 m constitu\u00e9 de\u00a0492 segments pour le second), il n’en est pas de m\u00eame pour le T\u00e9lescope Magellan.<\/p>\n

Le GMT sera constitu\u00e9 de 7 miroirs de 8,4 m et 17 tonnes chacun dont la surface collectrice totale sera comparable \u00e0 celle d\u2019un miroir unique de 24,5 m. Chacun de ces miroirs demandera 4 ann\u00e9es de travail : 1 an pour le coulage du verre et son refroidissement suivi de 3 ans pour son polissage avec une tr\u00e8s haute pr\u00e9cision, l\u2019objectif \u00e9tant de\u00a0pouvoir ensuite additionner les faisceaux des sept miroirs comme s\u2019ils ne formaient qu\u2019une seule surface optique.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C’est le\u00a0Richard F. Caris Mirror Laboratory<\/em><\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d’Arizona<\/a> (un laboratoire situ\u00e9 sous le stade de football universitaire) qui vient de lancer le coulage du cinqui\u00e8me des sept miroirs principaux (les quatre premiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 coul\u00e9s depuis 2005).<\/p>\n

Plus de 38.000 blocs d’un verre sp\u00e9cial fabriqu\u00e9 au Japon ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s manuellement dans le moule du miroir (photo ci-dessus). L’ensemble va \u00eatre chauff\u00e9 pendant plusieurs heures \u00e0 1.200\u00b0 C pour liqu\u00e9fier le verre puis on laissera refroidir le miroir dans son moule en rotation avant une longue p\u00e9riode de fa\u00e7onnage et de polissage jusqu’\u00e0 atteindre une pr\u00e9cision\u00a0d’un vingti\u00e8me de longueur d’onde de la lumi\u00e8re, moins d’un milli\u00e8me de la largeur d’un cheveu humain !<\/p>\n

Si tout va bien le GMT recevra sa premi\u00e8re lumi\u00e8re en 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La fabrication du cinqui\u00e8me des sept miroirs principaux du GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope) d\u00e9bute, alors que la construction de l’observatoire est en cours.\u00a0 Financ\u00e9 principalement par de grandes universit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines, le GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope) sera\u00a0install\u00e9 dans le\u00a0d\u00e9sert d\u2019Atacama\u00a0au Chili o\u00f9 la construction de l’observatoire a commenc\u00e9 depuis deux ans. Avec\u00a0l\u2019E-ELT (pour\u00a0European Extremely Large Telescope) … Continuer la lecture de Lancement de la fabrication du cinqui\u00e8me miroir du GMT<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[509],"tags":[635,634,1097,1096,2373,2374],"class_list":["post-8484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-chili","tag-desert-datacama","tag-giant-magellan-telescope","tag-gmt","tag-richard-f-caris-mirror-laboratory","tag-universite-darizona"],"yoast_head":"\nLancement de la fabrication du cinqui\u00e8me miroir du GMT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La fabrication du cinqui\u00e8me des sept miroirs principaux du GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope) d\u00e9bute, alors que la construction de l'observatoire 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