{"id":8369,"date":"2017-10-26T15:59:25","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T15:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=8369"},"modified":"2017-11-01T14:38:19","modified_gmt":"2017-11-01T14:38:19","slug":"suivez-passage-de-comete-96pmachholz-pres-soleil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2017\/10\/26\/suivez-passage-de-comete-96pmachholz-pres-soleil\/","title":{"rendered":"Suivez le passage de la com\u00e8te 96P\/Machholz pr\u00e8s du Soleil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le coronographe de la sonde SOHO nous permet de suivre pendant quelques jours sans danger le passage de la com\u00e8te\u00a096P\/Machholz pr\u00e8s du Soleil.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le 12 mai 1986, trois mois apr\u00e8s le passage de la com\u00e8te de Halley<\/a>, l’astronome amateur<\/a> am\u00e9ricain Donald Machholz rep\u00e8re un nouvel astre chevelu \u00e0 l’aide d’une paire de jumelles de 130 mm de diam\u00e8tre depuis son site d’observation \u00e0 Loma Pietra dans les montagnes de la Californie. Deux ans plus t\u00f4t Machholz s’\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait remarquer en d\u00e9nichant la com\u00e8te\u00a0C\/2004 Q2.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

96P\/Machholz est une com\u00e8te p\u00e9riodique (comme l’indique la lettre “P”) qui revient tous les 5,29 ans. Elle passe actuellement dans le champ du coronographe LASCO C3<\/a>\u00a0(voir la capture d’image ci-dessus du 26 octobre avec la com\u00e8te en bas \u00e0 droite) qui est install\u00e9 \u00e0 bord de l’observatoire SOHO.\u00a0<\/p>\n

96P\/Machholz\u00a0 est une com\u00e8te assez particuli\u00e8re. Son orbite tr\u00e8s excentrique a la plus petite distance de p\u00e9rih\u00e9lie connue parmi les com\u00e8tes \u00e0 courte p\u00e9riode, ce qui la rapproche beaucoup plus du Soleil<\/a> que l’orbite de Mercure<\/a> (elle passe cette fois \u00e0 seulement 18,5 millions de kilom\u00e8tres de notre \u00e9toile).<\/p>\n

C’est \u00e9galement la seule com\u00e8te \u00e0 courte p\u00e9riode connue pour avoir une forte inclinaison orbitale et une forte excentricit\u00e9. On pense que la plupart des com\u00e8tes \u00e0 courte p\u00e9riode proviennent de la ceinture de Kuiper<\/a>, mais l’orbite de 96P\/Machholz laisse supposer une origine diff\u00e9rente, peut-\u00eatre interstellaire, ce qui expliquerait son appauvrissement en carbone et en cyanog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory<\/a><\/em>) est un satellite d\u2019une masse de 1,8 tonne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 au point de Lagrange L1 \u00e0 environ 1,5 million de km de notre plan\u00e8te, l\u00e0 ou l\u2019attraction de la Terre et celle du\u00a0Soleil\u00a0<\/a>sont en \u00e9quilibre. Ses observations solaires viennent compl\u00e9ter celles de SDO,\u00a0Solar Dynamics Observatory<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0Lanc\u00e9 il y a plus de 20 ans, le 2 d\u00e9cembre 1995 exactement, SOHO fournit quotidiennement un bulletin de sant\u00e9 de notre \u00e9toile dans diff\u00e9rentes longueurs d\u2019onde \u00e0 l\u2019aide de ses 12 instruments scientifiques : analyseurs de particules, t\u00e9lescopes, coronographes, spectrographe et imageurs.<\/p>\n

Les coronographes LASCO C2 (champ \u00e9troit) et C3 (grand champ) sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la couronne solaire (LASCO signifie\u00a0Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph<\/em>). Un cache central leur permet de masquer le Soleil, trop lumineux, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 pouvoir observer ce qui se passe autour : des\u00a0\u00e9ruptions solaires<\/a>\u00a0bien s\u00fbr, mais \u00e9galement des \u00e9toiles et parfois des plan\u00e8tes et des com\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le coronographe de la sonde SOHO nous permet de suivre pendant quelques jours sans danger le passage de la com\u00e8te\u00a096P\/Machholz pr\u00e8s du Soleil. Le 12 mai 1986, trois mois apr\u00e8s le passage de la com\u00e8te de Halley, l’astronome amateur am\u00e9ricain Donald Machholz rep\u00e8re un nouvel astre chevelu \u00e0 l’aide d’une paire de jumelles de 130 … Continuer la lecture de Suivez le passage de la com\u00e8te 96P\/Machholz pr\u00e8s du Soleil<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[509],"tags":[2346,2347,945,760],"class_list":["post-8369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-comete-96pmachholz","tag-donald-machholz","tag-lasco-c3","tag-soho"],"yoast_head":"\nSuivez le passage de la com\u00e8te 96P\/Machholz pr\u00e8s du Soleil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le coronographe de la sonde SOHO nous permet de suivre pendant quelques 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