{"id":7277,"date":"2017-02-16T12:59:44","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T12:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=7277"},"modified":"2017-02-28T08:23:49","modified_gmt":"2017-02-28T08:23:49","slug":"mars-express-survole-pole-nord-de-planete-rouge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2017\/02\/16\/mars-express-survole-pole-nord-de-planete-rouge\/","title":{"rendered":"Mars Express survole le p\u00f4le nord de la Plan\u00e8te rouge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Une nouvelle mosa\u00efque r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l&#8217;orbiteur europ\u00e9en Mars Express d\u00e9taille la structure en spirale de la calotte polaire nord martienne.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans la grande famille des sondes qui ont survol\u00e9 la <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/10\/10\/tres-jeune-cratere-photographie-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\">Plan\u00e8te rouge<\/a> depuis Mariner 4 en 1965, l\u2019orbiteur europ\u00e9en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Mars_Express\" target=\"_blank\">Mars Express<\/a> tient une place tout \u00e0 fait honorable. Lanc\u00e9 du cosmodrome de <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/11\/16\/en-video-super-lune-leve-sur-baikonour\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ba\u00efkonour<\/a> le 2 juin 2003, Mars Express se satellise 6 mois plus tard autour de la Plan\u00e8te rouge.\u00a0Plus de 13 ann\u00e9es se sont \u00e9coul\u00e9es depuis et la sonde poursuit toujours son travail : cartographie des reliefs, \u00e9tude de l\u2019\u00e9volution des calottes polaires, analyse de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re et de son interaction avec le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/videos\/vent-solaire-terre-protegee-son-champ-magnetique-401\/\" target=\"_blank\">vent solaire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars2.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[7277]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-7281\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars2-450x304.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars2-450x304.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars2-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars2-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars2.jpg 1334w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Mars_Express\/Swirling_spirals_at_the_north_pole_of_Mars\" target=\"_blank\">ESA<\/a> nous propose de d\u00e9couvrir de nouveaux clich\u00e9s du p\u00f4le nord de la Plan\u00e8te rouge, obtenus \u00e0 partir des images r\u00e9alis\u00e9es au cours de 32 survols effectu\u00e9s entre 2004 et 2010.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>La calotte polaire nord, constitu\u00e9e d&#8217;un empilement de couches de glace et de poussi\u00e8re sur 3 km d&#8217;\u00e9paisseur environ, est aliment\u00e9e par\u00a0des chutes de neige carbonique saisonni\u00e8res, environ 1 m\u00e8tre d&#8217;\u00e9paisseur chaque hiver (ce qui est actuellement le cas). Cette neige provient de grands nuages de 500 km de diam\u00e8tre constitu\u00e9s de cristaux de glace s\u00e8che.<\/p>\n<p>Cette calotte pr\u00e9sente des failles qui ont la particularit\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00eatre dispos\u00e9es en spirale en partant du centre, dessinant un motif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral qui n&#8217;est pas sans rappeler un moulinet vu de l&#8217;orbite martienne. Ces fosses en spirales se seraient d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 la formation de la calotte en raison d&#8217;une circulation \u00e9olienne particuli\u00e8re : d\u00e9vi\u00e9s par la force de Coriolis, les vents dominants n&#8217;ont jamais cess\u00e9 d&#8217;accumuler des mat\u00e9riaux sur certains reliefs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[7277]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-7278\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars-450x303.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars-450x303.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars-1024x690.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2017\/02\/calotte_mars.jpg 1335w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>La mosa\u00efque de l&#8217;ESA nous montre aussi\u00a0<em>Chasma Boreale<\/em>, un grand canyon profond de 2 km qui entaille la calotte polaire nord sur 500 km de long et 100 de large (image ci-dessus). Comme les failles en spirale, ce canyon a \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9 par l&#8217;action \u00e9olienne pendant des millions d&#8217;ann\u00e9es, augmentant sa profondeur au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de glace et de poussi\u00e8re s&#8217;empilaient tout autour.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une nouvelle mosa\u00efque r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l&#8217;orbiteur europ\u00e9en Mars Express d\u00e9taille la structure en spirale de la calotte polaire nord martienne. Dans la grande famille des sondes qui ont survol\u00e9 la Plan\u00e8te rouge depuis Mariner 4 en 1965, l\u2019orbiteur europ\u00e9en Mars Express tient une place tout \u00e0 fait honorable. Lanc\u00e9 du cosmodrome de Ba\u00efkonour le 2 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2017\/02\/16\/mars-express-survole-pole-nord-de-planete-rouge\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mars Express survole le p\u00f4le nord de la Plan\u00e8te rouge<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7281,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[855,2066,523,116,702,115],"class_list":["post-7277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soleil-et-planetes","tag-calotte-polaire","tag-chasma-boreale","tag-esa","tag-mars","tag-mars-express","tag-planete-rouge"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - 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