{"id":6833,"date":"2016-12-05T14:27:51","date_gmt":"2016-12-05T14:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=6833"},"modified":"2018-01-25T17:20:37","modified_gmt":"2018-01-25T17:20:37","slug":"zoom-sombrero-celeste-galaxie-messier-104","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/12\/05\/zoom-sombrero-celeste-galaxie-messier-104\/","title":{"rendered":"Zoom sur un Sombrero c\u00e9leste, la galaxie Messier 104"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble nous entra\u00eene dans la constellation de la Vierge \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de Messier 104, la fameuse galaxie du Sombrero.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Observ\u00e9e sous un bon ciel dans un t\u00e9lescope d’amateur<\/a>, loin de toute pollution lumineuse<\/a>, la galaxie Messier 104 fait imm\u00e9diatement penser \u00e0 un sombrero, ce c\u00e9l\u00e8bre chapeau de haute taille dont les larges bords prot\u00e8gent les Mexicains du Soleil<\/a>. Situ\u00e9e \u00e0 une trentaine de millions d’ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re de la Terre, la galaxie a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois ind\u00e9pendamment dans la constellation de la Vierge par les astronomes Pierre M\u00e9chain et Charles Messier en 1781 puis par William Herschel<\/a> en 1784, mais il faudra attendre 1921 pour que l’\u00e9crivain et scientifique Camille Flammarion l’incorpore dans La suite du catalogue Messier<\/em>, un additif au catalogue de 1781 dans lequel il ajoute dix-huit nouveaux objets c\u00e9lestes.<\/p>\n

\"m104\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Messier 104, dont la magnitude est de 8, se pr\u00e9sente \u00e0 nous presque par la tranche (son plan \u00e9quatorial n’est inclin\u00e9 que de 6 degr\u00e9s) tout en s’\u00e9loignant \u00e0 la folle vitesse de 1.000 kilom\u00e8tres par seconde. L’image ci-dessus a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Comment classer Messier 104\u00a0? Son disque fait penser \u00e0 celui des galaxies spirales<\/a> mais elle poss\u00e8de un \u00e9norme bulbe autour duquel gravitent plus de 2.000 amas globulaires<\/a> alors qu’ils ne sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral que quelques centaines dans les galaxies spirales classiques.<\/p>\n

Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es les images obtenues par le t\u00e9lescope spatial infrarouge Spitzer<\/a> sont venues semer un peu plus le trouble en d\u00e9voilant un halo brumeux elliptique beaucoup plus volumineux rempli de vieilles \u00e9toiles comparable \u00e0 ce qu’on observe dans les galaxies elliptiques. Les astrophysiciens, jamais \u00e0 court d’imagination, on \u00e9labor\u00e9 un sc\u00e9nario pour tenter d’expliquer l’aspect actuel de Messier 104\u00a0: dans sa jeunesse, il y a pr\u00e8s de 10 milliards d’ann\u00e9es, la galaxie a pris du ventre en capturant de vastes nuages de gaz et de poussi\u00e8re alors tr\u00e8s nombreux dans l’Univers, prenant peu \u00e0 peu la forme elliptique que nous lui connaissons aujourd’hui.<\/p>\n

S’ils ne savent pas encore comment expliquer la pr\u00e9sence d’un disque central au c\u0153ur d’une galaxie elliptique, les astronomes<\/a> ont d\u00e9couvert d’autres galaxies qui semblent avoir suivi le m\u00eame chemin que Messier 104.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble nous entra\u00eene dans la constellation de la Vierge \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de Messier 104, la fameuse galaxie du Sombrero. Observ\u00e9e sous un bon ciel dans un t\u00e9lescope d’amateur, loin de toute pollution lumineuse, la galaxie Messier 104 fait imm\u00e9diatement penser \u00e0 un sombrero, ce c\u00e9l\u00e8bre chapeau de haute taille dont les … Continuer la lecture de Zoom sur un Sombrero c\u00e9leste, la galaxie Messier 104<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6834,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[1403,1952,133,113,1951,1229,1950,1845,1953,544,129],"class_list":["post-6833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciel-etoile","tag-amas-globulaire","tag-camille-flammarion","tag-charles-messier","tag-constellation-de-la-vierge","tag-galaxie-du-sombrero","tag-galaxie-spirale","tag-messier-104","tag-pierre-mechain","tag-spitzer","tag-telescope-spatial-hubble","tag-william-herschel"],"yoast_head":"\nZoom sur un Sombrero c\u00e9leste, la galaxie Messier 104<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble nous entra\u00eene dans la constellation de la Vierge \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de Messier 104, la fameuse galaxie du Sombrero.\" \/>\n<meta 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