{"id":6420,"date":"2016-10-20T13:03:54","date_gmt":"2016-10-20T13:03:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=6420"},"modified":"2016-10-27T07:37:55","modified_gmt":"2016-10-27T07:37:55","slug":"vlt-laser-pointe-vers-coeur-de-voie-lactee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/10\/20\/vlt-laser-pointe-vers-coeur-de-voie-lactee\/","title":{"rendered":"VLT : un laser point\u00e9 vers le c\u0153ur de la Voie lact\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Comme beaucoup de t\u00e9lescopes \u00e9quip\u00e9s d&#8217;une optique adaptative, le <em>Very Large Telescope<\/em> utilise un laser pour cr\u00e9er une \u00e9toile artificielle.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9toiles, dont la lumi\u00e8re met au minimum plusieurs ann\u00e9es avant de nous parvenir, sont des sources de lumi\u00e8re ponctuelles que nous voyons scintiller en raison des mouvements permanents et impr\u00e9visibles de notre atmosph\u00e8re. Si nous essayons d&#8217;amplifier l&#8217;image de ces astres plusieurs dizaines ou plusieurs centaines de fois \u00e0 l&#8217;aide d&#8217;un <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2014\/05\/14\/en-images-les-telescopes-amateurs\/\" target=\"_blank\">t\u00e9lescope<\/a>, nous obtiendrons des images brouill\u00e9es tr\u00e8s \u00e9loign\u00e9es des caract\u00e9ristiques optiques th\u00e9oriques correspondant au diam\u00e8tre de nos instruments.<\/p>\n\n<!-- iframe plugin v.5.1 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/177245881\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" 0=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" 1=\"mozallowfullscreen\" 2=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\"><\/iframe>\n\n<p>Depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies les astronomes professionnels ont trouv\u00e9 une fa\u00e7on \u00e9l\u00e9gante de contrer les m\u00e9faits de la turbulence atmosph\u00e9rique en d\u00e9veloppant l&#8217;optique adaptative.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Le principe, simple en th\u00e9orie, consiste \u00e0 analyser les d\u00e9formations subies par la lumi\u00e8re d&#8217;une \u00e9toile-guide et \u00e0 corriger ces d\u00e9formations en modifiant tr\u00e8s rapidement et tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quemment la surface du miroir du t\u00e9lescope. Les moyens \u00e9lectroniques et informatiques disponibles d\u00e9sormais permettent de corriger plusieurs centaines de fois par seconde des miroirs de quelques m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre soutenus par des centaines de v\u00e9rins motoris\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/laser-vlt.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[6420]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6421\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/laser-vlt-450x295.jpg\" alt=\"laser-vlt\" width=\"450\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/laser-vlt-450x295.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/laser-vlt-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/laser-vlt-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/laser-vlt.jpg 1374w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Reste un imp\u00e9ratif \u00e0 respecter : il faut disposer d&#8217;une \u00e9toile-guide assez brillante dans le voisinage imm\u00e9diat de l&#8217;objet astronomique que l&#8217;on souhaite \u00e9tudier. Comme ce n&#8217;est pas toujours possible, on utilise un laser pour cr\u00e9er une \u00e9toile-guide artificielle. C&#8217;est ce que nous montre cette image r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2015\/12\/16\/pluie-de-geminides-dans-le-ciel-du-desert-datacama\/\" target=\"_blank\">Yuri Beletsky<\/a> pour le compte de l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/france\/images\/potw1639a\/\" target=\"_blank\">ESO<\/a>. On y voit le laser de guidage stellaire du <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2015\/10\/28\/en-video-le-centre-galactique-passe-au-zenith-du-vlt\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Very Large Telescope<\/em><\/a> former une \u00e9toile-guide artificielle \u00e0 90 kilom\u00e8tres d&#8217;altitude au milieu des \u00e9toiles de la <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/09\/07\/voie-lactee-dessus-desert-de-sel-bolivien-duyuni\/\" target=\"_blank\">Voie lact\u00e9e<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme beaucoup de t\u00e9lescopes \u00e9quip\u00e9s d&#8217;une optique adaptative, le Very Large Telescope utilise un laser pour cr\u00e9er une \u00e9toile artificielle. Les \u00e9toiles, dont la lumi\u00e8re met au minimum plusieurs ann\u00e9es avant de nous parvenir, sont des sources de lumi\u00e8re ponctuelles que nous voyons scintiller en raison des mouvements permanents et impr\u00e9visibles de notre atmosph\u00e8re. Si &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/10\/20\/vlt-laser-pointe-vers-coeur-de-voie-lactee\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">VLT : un laser point\u00e9 vers le c\u0153ur de la Voie lact\u00e9e<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[633,96,637,166,1016],"class_list":["post-6420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-hommes-et-le-ciel","tag-eso","tag-telescope","tag-vlt","tag-voie-lactee","tag-yuri-beletsky"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - 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