{"id":5920,"date":"2016-06-26T14:39:19","date_gmt":"2016-06-26T14:39:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=5920"},"modified":"2016-07-06T16:14:17","modified_gmt":"2016-07-06T16:14:17","slug":"sofia-lobservatoire-volant-scrute-lunivers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/06\/26\/sofia-lobservatoire-volant-scrute-lunivers\/","title":{"rendered":"SOFIA, l’observatoire volant qui scrute l’Univers"},"content":{"rendered":"

La NASA utilise depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es SOFIA, un observatoire volant install\u00e9 dans un avion et d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude de l’Univers dans l’infrarouge.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C’est en 2007 que SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy<\/em><\/a>) est entr\u00e9 en service. Cet observatoire volant se compose d’un t\u00e9lescope infrarouge de 2,5 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre (con\u00e7u par l’agence spatiale allemande) install\u00e9 \u00e0 bord d’un Boing 747 SP, un quadrir\u00e9acteur dot\u00e9 d’une trappe coulissante \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re. Une fois qu’il a rejoint son altitude de croisi\u00e8re (13 km), l’avion laisse en-dessous de lui\u00a0plus de 99% de la vapeur d\u2019eau contenue dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre ; la trappe peut alors s’ouvrir et le t\u00e9lescope entre en action, captant 80% de lumi\u00e8re infrarouge suppl\u00e9mentaire par rapport \u00e0 un t\u00e9lescope rest\u00e9 au sol.<\/p>\n

\"sofia2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

SOFIA dispose de 3 cam\u00e9ras couvrant les longueurs d’onde de l’infrarouge (FLITECAM, FORCAST et HAWC) et 5 spectrom\u00e8tres dont les mesures sont analys\u00e9es dans un compartiment pressuris\u00e9 au centre de l’appareil.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ce t\u00e9lescope infrarouge a connu une longue p\u00e9riode d’essais, les ing\u00e9nieurs devant s’assurer qu’il \u00e9tait capable de pointer une cible astronomique sans bouger, et ce malgr\u00e9 les soubresauts de l’avion et les vibrations g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par l’entr\u00e9e d’air qu’occasionne l’ouverture de la trappe.<\/p>\n

Depuis 2010 des observations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res sont conduites avec cet observatoire a\u00e9roport\u00e9 et elles contribuent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer notre connaissance de l’Univers en infrarouge. SOFIA a par exemple d\u00e9tect\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois la chaleur d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par la plan\u00e8te gazeuse g\u00e9ante Jupiter <\/a>et \u00e9tudi\u00e9 en d\u00e9tail l’objet Becklin-Neugebauer (BN), un astre tr\u00e8s brillant au c\u0153ur d’un jeune amas d’\u00e9toiles d\u00e9couvert en 1967 dans la n\u00e9buleuse d’Orion<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Il y a quelques jours des chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert \u00e0 l’aide de ce t\u00e9lescope infrarouge que la vapeur d’eau d\u00e9tect\u00e9e dans les tr\u00e8s jeunes \u00e9toiles semblait provenir de ces astres et non pas du disque de d\u00e9bris qui les entoure. Un emplacement inattendu qui pourrait signifier que d’\u00e9ventuelles exoplan\u00e8tes<\/a> en formation ne peuvent recueillir que tr\u00e8s peu d’eau venant de leur \u00e9toile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La NASA utilise depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es SOFIA, un observatoire volant install\u00e9 dans un avion et d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude de l’Univers dans l’infrarouge. C’est en 2007 que SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) est entr\u00e9 en service. Cet observatoire volant se compose d’un t\u00e9lescope infrarouge de 2,5 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre (con\u00e7u par l’agence spatiale allemande) install\u00e9 … Continuer la lecture de SOFIA, l’observatoire volant qui scrute l’Univers<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[110,586,90,486,355,1700,104,1699],"class_list":["post-5920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-hommes-et-le-ciel","tag-exoplanete","tag-infrarouge","tag-jupiter","tag-nasa","tag-nebuleuse-dorion","tag-objet-becklin-neugebauer","tag-observatoire","tag-sofia"],"yoast_head":"\nSOFIA, l'observatoire volant qui scrute l'Univers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La NASA utilise depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es SOFIA, un 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