{"id":4669,"date":"2016-01-14T05:02:41","date_gmt":"2016-01-14T05:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=4669"},"modified":"2019-10-30T17:34:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T17:34:31","slug":"petroglyphes-sous-les-etoiles-dans-le-desert-datacama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2016\/01\/14\/petroglyphes-sous-les-etoiles-dans-le-desert-datacama\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e9troglyphes sous les \u00e9toiles dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama, au Chili, coexistent les instruments tr\u00e8s sophistiqu\u00e9s de l’Observatoire Europ\u00e9en Austral (ESO) et des p\u00e9troglyphes tr\u00e8s anciens.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des t\u00e9lescopes dans le d\u00e9sert :<\/h5>\n

Perch\u00e9s dans les Andes chiliennes, les t\u00e9lescopes de l’ESO<\/a> sont parmi les plus performants au monde. L\u00e0-bas la Voie lact\u00e9e<\/a> resplendit comme nulle part ailleurs sous un ciel exempt de toute pollution lumineuse<\/a>. Seul l’airglow<\/a> peut att\u00e9nuer l’\u00e9clat des \u00e9toiles. Les astronomes <\/a>disposent d’instruments gigantesques pour sonder l’Univers dans toutes les longueurs d’ondes (VLT<\/a>, ALMA<\/a> et bien d’autres…).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Le Very Large Telescope se compose de 4 t\u00e9lescopes de 8,2 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre. \u00a9 ESO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ce concentr\u00e9 de technologie ne doit pas nous faire oublier l’histoire du d\u00e9sert d’Atacama<\/a>, cette terre qui de prime abord semble bien hostile \u00e0 la vie.<\/p>\n

Une occupation humaine tr\u00e8s ancienne :<\/h5>\n

Malgr\u00e9 une aridit\u00e9 extr\u00eame (\u00e0 certains endroits il tombe moins d’un millim\u00e8tre de pluie par an !), des p\u00e9troglyphes t\u00e9moignent de la pr\u00e9sence de l’homme dans cette r\u00e9gion depuis des milliers d’ann\u00e9es. Il est d’ailleurs fort probable que la r\u00e9gion a connu un climat plus doux par le pass\u00e9 avec des pr\u00e9cipitations plus fr\u00e9quentes et des \u00eelots de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation.<\/p>\n

\"petroglyphe\"<\/a>
P\u00e9troglyphes sous les \u00e9toiles dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama. \u00a9 Babak Tafreshi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les p\u00e9troglyphes sont des dessins symboliques grav\u00e9s sur la pierre par incision, frottement ou pulv\u00e9risation. Cet art rupestre, que l’on trouve sur toute la plan\u00e8te, a servi aux hommes \u00e0 communiquer principalement au n\u00e9olithique, avant l’apparition de l’\u00e9criture. Sur les rochers du d\u00e9sert d’Atacama, les p\u00e9troglyphes repr\u00e9sentent souvent des hommes aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de cam\u00e9lid\u00e9s sauvages comme les lamas. Les peuples nomades de cette r\u00e9gion du Chili devaient suivre ces animaux habitu\u00e9s aux climat sec et inhospitalier pour trouver des oasis o\u00f9 ils se s\u00e9dentarisaient.<\/p>\n

L’image ci-dessus montre une rotation apparente des \u00e9toiles<\/a> au-dessus de ces p\u00e9troglyphes. Cette photographie est l’\u0153uvre de Babak Tafreshi<\/a>, fondateur de TWAN <\/a>(The World at Night<\/em>), auteur de tr\u00e8s belles images (comme les p\u00e9nitents de glace sous les \u00e9toiles dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama<\/a>) et de vid\u00e9os du ciel \u00e9toil\u00e9 (en vid\u00e9o : le Kilimanjaro sous les \u00e9toiles<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u00c0 savoir :<\/h5>\n

Selon les ethnologues plusieurs peuples ont occup\u00e9 le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama dans le pass\u00e9 : El Molle<\/em> au VIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle de notre \u00e8re, Las \u00c1nimas<\/em> du IX\u00e8me au XIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et Diaguita<\/em> du XIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 du XV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Puis ce fut l’arriv\u00e9e des Incas qui se m\u00e9lang\u00e8rent avec le peuple Diaguita. Cette cohabitation dura jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la conqu\u00eate espagnole vers 1530 qui mit fin \u00e0 l’occupation indig\u00e8ne de l’Atacama.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama, au Chili, coexistent les instruments tr\u00e8s sophistiqu\u00e9s de l’Observatoire Europ\u00e9en Austral (ESO) et des p\u00e9troglyphes tr\u00e8s anciens. Des t\u00e9lescopes dans le d\u00e9sert : Perch\u00e9s dans les Andes chiliennes, les t\u00e9lescopes de l’ESO sont parmi les plus performants au monde. L\u00e0-bas la Voie lact\u00e9e resplendit comme nulle part ailleurs sous un ciel … Continuer la lecture de P\u00e9troglyphes sous les \u00e9toiles dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4670,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[841,635,634,633,1443,1197,839],"class_list":["post-4669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-hommes-et-le-ciel","tag-babak-tafreshi","tag-chili","tag-desert-datacama","tag-eso","tag-petroglyphe","tag-rotation-detoiles","tag-twan"],"yoast_head":"\nP\u00e9troglyphes sous les \u00e9toiles dans le d\u00e9sert d'Atacama<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans le d\u00e9sert d'Atacama, au Chili, coexistent les instruments tr\u00e8s sophistiqu\u00e9s de l'Observatoire Europ\u00e9en 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