{"id":4003,"date":"2015-11-01T07:11:25","date_gmt":"2015-11-01T07:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=4003"},"modified":"2015-11-07T08:14:18","modified_gmt":"2015-11-07T08:14:18","slug":"le-telescope-de-foucault-a-lobservatoire-de-marseille","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2015\/11\/01\/le-telescope-de-foucault-a-lobservatoire-de-marseille\/","title":{"rendered":"Le t\u00e9lescope de Foucault \u00e0 l’Observatoire de Marseille"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9on Foucault (1819-1868) est l’inventeur des t\u00e9lescopes \u00e0 miroir de verre argent\u00e9 ; son grand t\u00e9lescope de 80 cm est visible \u00e0 l’Observatoire de Marseille.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Physicien et astronome fran\u00e7ais,\u00a0Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault est surtout connu pour son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pendule suspendu sous la coupole du Panth\u00e9on, un dispositif destin\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence la rotation de la Terre.<\/p>\n

Mais L\u00e9on Foucault va aussi jouer un grand r\u00f4le dans l’\u00e9volution des instruments d’astronomie. Au XIXe si\u00e8cle les astronomes <\/a>utilisent surtout des lunettes (comme celle qui \u00e9quipe l’Observatoire de Strasbourg<\/a>) : les t\u00e9lescopes <\/a>ont encore des miroirs en m\u00e9tal qu’il est tr\u00e8s difficile de polir pour leur donner une forme parabolique parfaite.<\/p>\n

\"telescope1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e9on Foucault propose d’utiliser le verre plus l\u00e9ger et plus facile \u00e0 travailler, et il invente en m\u00eame temps une m\u00e9thode de contr\u00f4le optique toujours en vigueur aujourd’hui pour v\u00e9rifier la qualit\u00e9 d’un miroir astronomique.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s plusieurs essais, Foucault r\u00e9alise en 1862 un miroir de 80 cm de diam\u00e8tre pour l\u2019Observatoire de Paris<\/a>, polissant et argentant un disque de verre coul\u00e9 et taill\u00e9 par les usines Saint-Gobain<\/a>. Le miroir, qui a une longueur focale de 4,8 m, est la pi\u00e8ce ma\u00eetresse d’un t\u00e9lescope en bois construit par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Secr\u00e9tan. Quant \u00e0 la monture, dont le diam\u00e8tre du cercle horaire est de 2 m, elle est l’\u0153uvre de\u00a0Wilhelm Eichens (1818-1884).<\/p>\n

Initialement install\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Observatoire de Paris, le t\u00e9lescope de Foucault prend en 1864 la direction du plateau de Longchamp \u00e0 l’est de Marseille, un site beaucoup plus int\u00e9ressant pour y mener des observations de qualit\u00e9 avec ce qui est alors le meilleur t\u00e9lescope au monde.<\/p>\n

En 1873 un d\u00e9cret transformera la station d’observation de Longchamp en Observatoire de Marseille<\/a> o\u00f9 l’on peut toujours admirer le t\u00e9lescope de Foucault. La r\u00e9alisation du miroir en verre de cet instrument sonnera le glas des lunettes astronomiques<\/a>, rapidement supplant\u00e9es par des t\u00e9lescopes pour lesquels on taillera des miroirs de plus en plus grands.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9on Foucault (1819-1868) est l’inventeur des t\u00e9lescopes \u00e0 miroir de verre argent\u00e9 ; son grand t\u00e9lescope de 80 cm est visible \u00e0 l’Observatoire de Marseille. Physicien et astronome fran\u00e7ais,\u00a0Jean Bernard L\u00e9on Foucault est surtout connu pour son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pendule suspendu sous la coupole du Panth\u00e9on, un dispositif destin\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence la rotation de … Continuer la lecture de Le t\u00e9lescope de Foucault \u00e0 l’Observatoire de Marseille<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4004,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1320,1319,1324,1322,1323,96,1321],"class_list":["post-4003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-hommes-et-le-ciel","tag-leon-foucault","tag-observatoire-de-marseille","tag-observatoire-de-paris","tag-saint-gobain","tag-secretan","tag-telescope","tag-wilhelm-eichens"],"yoast_head":"\nLe t\u00e9lescope de Foucault \u00e0 l'Observatoire de Marseille<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u00e9on Foucault (1819-1868) est l'inventeur des t\u00e9lescopes \u00e0 miroir de verre argent\u00e9 ; 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