{"id":1375,"date":"2014-12-15T10:28:44","date_gmt":"2014-12-15T10:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=1375"},"modified":"2014-12-20T14:37:06","modified_gmt":"2014-12-20T14:37:06","slug":"le-cratere-gale-sur-mars-est-un-ancien-lac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2014\/12\/15\/le-cratere-gale-sur-mars-est-un-ancien-lac\/","title":{"rendered":"Le crat\u00e8re Gale, sur Mars, est un ancien lac"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si Curiosity <\/a>arpente depuis l’\u00e9t\u00e9 2012 le fond du grand crat\u00e8re martien Gale (155 kilom\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre), c’est parce que cette r\u00e9gion est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressante aux yeux des scientifiques.<\/p>\n

En 30 mois d’exploration, le rover am\u00e9ricain a crois\u00e9 de nombreux affleurements rocheux et lits de cours d’eau ass\u00e9ch\u00e9s ; mais l’objectif prioritaire \u00e9tait le mont Sharp, une montagne au centre du crat\u00e8re haute de 5500 m\u00e8tres, trop grande pour jouer le r\u00f4le d’un piton central comme on en observe dans les crat\u00e8res lunaires (voir Copernic<\/a>\u00a0par exemple).<\/p>\n

\"lac\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Au pied du mont Sharp, Curiosity a d\u00e9couvert la vrai nature de l’\u00e9difice : il s’agit d’un empilement de couches s\u00e9dimentaires qui se sont accumul\u00e9es pendant des dizaines de millions d’ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Ces s\u00e9diments ont \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9s par des rivi\u00e8res (aliment\u00e9es par la pluie et la fonte des neiges) qui coulaient en direction du centre du crat\u00e8re Gale, \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 Mars<\/a>, entour\u00e9e d’une \u00e9paisse atmosph\u00e8re, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait d’un climat chaud et humide. Le mont Sharp a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se former lorsque l’eau a disparu et que les vents se sont mis \u00e0 charrier les s\u00e9diments accumul\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Jusque-l\u00e0 on pensait que Mars avait connu de brefs \u00e9pisodes chauds et humides : la d\u00e9couverte de l’existence d’un lac au fond du crat\u00e8re Gale et d’une montagne de s\u00e9diments signifie qu’un cycle hydrologique a \u00e9t\u00e9 actif pendant des millions d’ann\u00e9es sur la plan\u00e8te Rouge, laissant peut-\u00eatre le temps \u00e0 une vie microbienne de se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si Curiosity arpente depuis l’\u00e9t\u00e9 2012 le fond du grand crat\u00e8re martien Gale (155 kilom\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre), c’est parce que cette r\u00e9gion est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressante aux yeux des scientifiques. En 30 mois d’exploration, le rover am\u00e9ricain a crois\u00e9 de nombreux affleurements rocheux et lits de cours d’eau ass\u00e9ch\u00e9s ; mais l’objectif prioritaire \u00e9tait le mont … Continuer la lecture de Le crat\u00e8re Gale, sur Mars, est un ancien lac<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[509],"tags":[125,387,661,659,658,662,571,116,660,478,114,596,547,663],"class_list":["post-1375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-atmosphere","tag-copernic","tag-couche-sedimentaire","tag-cratere-gale","tag-curiosity","tag-cycle-hydrologique","tag-lac","tag-mars","tag-mont-sharp","tag-piton-central","tag-planete","tag-rover","tag-vent","tag-vie-microbienne"],"yoast_head":"\nLe crat\u00e8re Gale, sur Mars, est un ancien lac<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2014\/12\/15\/le-cratere-gale-sur-mars-est-un-ancien-lac\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le crat\u00e8re Gale, sur Mars, est un ancien lac\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si Curiosity arpente depuis l’\u00e9t\u00e9 2012 le fond du grand crat\u00e8re martien Gale (155 kilom\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre), c’est parce que cette r\u00e9gion est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressante aux yeux des scientifiques. 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