{"id":12130,"date":"2020-09-19T15:45:56","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T15:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=12130"},"modified":"2020-09-30T08:19:24","modified_gmt":"2020-09-30T08:19:24","slug":"lunite-astronomique-un-outil-pour-arpenter-le-cosmos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2020\/09\/19\/lunite-astronomique-un-outil-pour-arpenter-le-cosmos\/","title":{"rendered":"L’unit\u00e9 astronomique, un outil pour arpenter le cosmos"},"content":{"rendered":"

La mesure des distances dans l’univers implique l’emploi d’unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques. L’unit\u00e9 astronomique est utilis\u00e9e pour la banlieue du Syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Une question de distance :<\/h5>\n

Devant l’immensit\u00e9 de notre Univers, les astronomes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dans l’obligation d’inventer de nouvelles unit\u00e9s de mesure. Il \u00e9tait en effet impossible de compter en kilom\u00e8tres les distances qui nous s\u00e9parent des astres d\u00e8s que l’on quitte le Syst\u00e8me solaire. L’unit\u00e9 astronomique a fait son apparition en 1958 : elle repr\u00e9sentait la distance Terre-Soleil. Mais comme cette distance varie au cours de l’ann\u00e9e, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 red\u00e9finie en 2012 lors de la 28e assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Union astronomique internationale<\/a> (IAU).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
S\u00e9ance de vote lors d’une assembl\u00e9e de l’Union astronomique internationale. \u00a9 IAU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’unit\u00e9 astronomique vaut exactement 149.597.870.700 m\u00e8tres. Il faut donc approximativement 63.241 unit\u00e9s astronomiques pour obtenir une ann\u00e9e-lumi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9volution copernicienne :<\/h5>\n

C’est \u00e0 partir des XVIe et XVIIe si\u00e8cles que les p\u00e8res de l’astronomie moderne ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 tenter de mesurer la distance entre la Terre, le Soleil<\/a> et les autres plan\u00e8tes.\u00a0L’un d’entre eux est Nicolas Copernic<\/a>. Ce chanoine polonais (1473-1543) est surtout connu pour avoir boulevers\u00e9 notre vision de l’Univers. La r\u00e9volution copernicienne a en effet compl\u00e8tement modifi\u00e9 notre repr\u00e9sentation du monde. Son mod\u00e8le h\u00e9liocentrique (avec les plan\u00e8tes tournant autour du Soleil) a peu \u00e0 peu supplant\u00e9 le mod\u00e8le g\u00e9ocentrique en vigueur (avec la Terre au centre de l’Univers).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Nicolas Copernic\u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 mesurer les distances dans le Syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Copernic est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 par beaucoup comme le p\u00e8re de l’astronomie moderne. En utilisant la trigonom\u00e9trie, il a pu calculer la distance entre notre \u00e9toile et la Terre puis la distance qui nous s\u00e9pare des plan\u00e8tes connues (\u00e0 cette \u00e9poque seulement jusqu’\u00e0 Saturne<\/a>). Ses r\u00e9sultats \u00e9taient assez proches des valeurs que nous connaissons aujourd’hui. D’autres avec lui ont essay\u00e9 de mesurer la distance Terre-Soleil : Johannes Kepler, Giovanni Cassini ou encore Christiaan Huygens. Tous ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tablissement de l’unit\u00e9 astronomique comme moyen d’arpenter le Syst\u00e8me solaire et sa banlieue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La mesure des distances dans l’univers implique l’emploi d’unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques. L’unit\u00e9 astronomique est utilis\u00e9e pour la banlieue du Syst\u00e8me solaire. Une question de distance : Devant l’immensit\u00e9 de notre Univers, les astronomes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dans l’obligation d’inventer de nouvelles unit\u00e9s de mesure. Il \u00e9tait en effet impossible de compter en kilom\u00e8tres les distances qui nous … Continuer la lecture de L’unit\u00e9 astronomique, un outil pour arpenter le cosmos<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":12131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[473,672],"class_list":["post-12130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-hommes-et-le-ciel","tag-nicolas-copernic","tag-unite-astronomique"],"yoast_head":"\nL'unit\u00e9 astronomique, un outil pour arpenter le cosmos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La mesure des distances dans l'univers implique l'emploi d'unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques. 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