{"id":11192,"date":"2019-10-09T17:07:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-09T17:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/?p=11192"},"modified":"2019-10-25T08:19:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-25T08:19:34","slug":"les-meteorites-pierres-sacrees-a-lepoque-de-toutankhamon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/feldmann\/2019\/10\/09\/les-meteorites-pierres-sacrees-a-lepoque-de-toutankhamon\/","title":{"rendered":"Les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, pierres sacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Tout\u00e2nkhamon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Tout\u00e2nkhamon poss\u00e9dait un poignard dont le fer \u00e9tait d\u2019origine extraterrestre. Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens v\u00e9n\u00e9raient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites.<\/b><\/p>\n

Un magnifique\u00a0 poignard :<\/h5>\n

L\u2019histoire commence en 1925, trois ans apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte de la tombe de Tout\u00e2nkhamon par Howard Carter. Sous les bandelettes de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre momie, contre la cuisse, Carter trouve un poignard long de 34 centim\u00e8tres. C\u2019est une arme superbe dont le pommeau est en cristal de roche. Le manche en or est d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents motifs dont la fleur de lotus, symbole de protection et de renaissance. L’arme est gliss\u00e9e dans un \u00e9tui lui aussi en or d\u00e9cor\u00e9 avec une t\u00eate de chacal et des motifs de plumes et de lys.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Le poignard d’origine m\u00e9t\u00e9oritique de Tout\u00e2nkhamon. \u00a9 Egyptian Museum\/ D. Comelli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mais c’est la lame qui intrigue les chercheurs : comment fait-elle pour ne pas \u00eatre rouill\u00e9e, 34 si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s sa r\u00e9alisation ? Ce n\u2019est possible que si le fer choisi est exempt d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne. <\/p>\n

Du fer extraterrestre :<\/h5>\n

Sur Terre le minerai de fer est tr\u00e8s rarement m\u00e9tallique : on le trouve principalement sous forme d’oxyde dans les roches terrestres. Il faut le chauffer \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute temp\u00e9rature pour s\u00e9parer l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne du fer. La technique commence \u00e0 \u00eatre ma\u00eetris\u00e9e par les \u00c9gyptiens… 600 ans apr\u00e8s la mort du pharaon !<\/p>\n

Il aura fallu attendre 2015 pour avoir la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette passionnante question. Les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9gyptiennes ont toujours refus\u00e9 que ce tr\u00e9sor quitte le Mus\u00e9e du Caire o\u00f9 il est conserv\u00e9. Mais une nouvelle technique non invasive et transportable a fait son apparition, la spectrom\u00e9trie de fluorescence des rayons X. Daniela Comelli (Universit\u00e9 polytechnique de Milan) et ses collaborateurs publient leur \u00e9tude dans la revue Journal of Meteoritics and Planetary Science<\/em><\/a>. Verdict de l\u2019examen : la composition de la lame du poignard de Tout\u00e2nkhamon est typique du fer d\u2019origine m\u00e9t\u00e9oritique avec deux fois plus de nickel que dans un minerai terrestre, ainsi que de faibles quantit\u00e9s de cobalt, de phosphore, de carbone et de soufre.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Une c\u00e9l\u00e8bre m\u00e9t\u00e9orite ferreuse, celle de Tamentit. C’est un caillou extraterrestre de 510 kg d\u2019une valeur inestimable visible au parc Vulcania en Auvergne. \u00a9 Jean-Baptiste Feldmann<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Le fer du ciel :<\/h5>\n

Vient alors une autre question : les pr\u00eatres de l’Egypte antique connaissaient-ils l\u2019origine de ce m\u00e9tal si particulier ? La r\u00e9ponse se trouve peut-\u00eatre dans des hi\u00e9roglyphes du 13\u00e8me si\u00e8cle avant notre \u00e8re. Il existe en effet un terme \u00e9gyptien qui fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au fer m\u00e9t\u00e9oritique, le “fer du ciel”. Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens ont-ils ramass\u00e9 les morceaux d\u2019une m\u00e9t\u00e9orite qu\u2019ils auraient vu tomber pour attribuer \u00e0 ce fer une origine c\u00e9leste ? Ce n\u2019est pas impossible : en 2000 on a retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 Marsa Matruh, non loin de l’ancienne Alexandrie, la m\u00e9t\u00e9orite de Kharga<\/a> dont la composition est comparable \u00e0 celle de la lame du poignard de Toutankhamon. Il y a trente-quatre si\u00e8cles les \u00c9gyptiens v\u00e9n\u00e9raient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Tout\u00e2nkhamon poss\u00e9dait un poignard dont le fer \u00e9tait d\u2019origine extraterrestre. Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens v\u00e9n\u00e9raient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites. Un magnifique\u00a0 poignard : L\u2019histoire commence en 1925, trois ans apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte de la tombe de Tout\u00e2nkhamon par Howard Carter. Sous les bandelettes de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre momie, contre la cuisse, Carter trouve un poignard long … Continuer la lecture de Les m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, pierres sacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Tout\u00e2nkhamon<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[553,2721],"class_list":["post-11192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-hommes-et-le-ciel","tag-meteorite","tag-toutankhamon"],"yoast_head":"\nLes m\u00e9t\u00e9orites, pierres sacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Tout\u00e2nkhamon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Toutankhamon poss\u00e9dait un poignard dont le fer \u00e9tait d\u2019origine extraterrestre. 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