{"id":581,"date":"2015-04-07T19:31:10","date_gmt":"2015-04-07T19:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/?p=581"},"modified":"2015-04-07T19:36:24","modified_gmt":"2015-04-07T19:36:24","slug":"conference-athis-mons-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2015\/04\/07\/conference-athis-mons-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Conf\u00e9rence \u00e0 Athis-Mons"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff donnera une conf\u00e9rence\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Vendredi 10 avril 2015, 19h,<\/p>\n

Maison de l’Environnement et du D\u00e9veloppement durable de l’a\u00e9roport Paris-Orly<\/p>\n

Face au n\u00b0 93 de l\u2019avenue Jean-Pierre B\u00e9nard, 91200 Athis-Mons<\/p>\n

entr\u00e9e libre, parking<\/p>\n

th\u00e8me\u00a0“Vocation volcanologue”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Orly.affiche.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le volcan a \u00e9t\u00e9 magnifi\u00e9 \u00e0 travers les l\u00e9gendes (forges d\u2019H\u00e9pha\u00efstos puis de Vulcain et des Cyclopes) et l\u2019art (gravures rupestres, peintures, batiks sur soie). Jules Verne nous a entra\u00een\u00e9s avec d\u2019intr\u00e9pides aventuriers dans un voyage au centre de la Terre, qui commence en Islande pour finir au Stromboli.<\/p>\n

Mais le volcan a aussi toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9 les hommes de sciences.<\/p>\n

Emp\u00e9docle, philosophe d\u2019Agrigente en Sicile au Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.C., se retira sur l\u2019Etna pour l\u2019\u00e9tudier en d\u00e9tail. Finalement, il se jeta (tomba?) dans le crat\u00e8re du volcan, qui ne rejeta ensuite qu\u2019une de ses sandales! Les premiers \u00e9crits scientifiques relatifs aux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes volcaniques sont ceux de Pline le Jeune. Son oncle Pline l\u2019Ancien, amiral de la flotte de Mis\u00e8ne, mourut en portant secours aux habitants menac\u00e9s par la dramatique \u00e9ruption du V\u00e9suve, qui d\u00e9truisit en 79 ap. J.C. les villes de Pomp\u00e9i, Herculanum et Stabi\u00e8s. Pline le Jeune, fit, dans ses lettres \u00e0 Tacite, une description si pr\u00e9cise, que son t\u00e9moignage est encore utilisable de nos jours.<\/p>\n

Longtemps le volcan fut abord\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on anecdotique dans les trait\u00e9s de g\u00e9ologie. Au 17e si\u00e8cle, Descartes pensait que la Terre \u00e9tant un astre refroidi, seul le soleil pouvait jouer un r\u00f4le dans l\u2019activit\u00e9 volcanique. Pour Buffon, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre naturaliste du 18e si\u00e8cle, le volcan \u00e9tait un foyer superficiel, entretenu par les vents. D\u2019autres scientifiques penchaient plut\u00f4t pour des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9lectriques. Il fallut attendre 1752 pour que Jean-\u00c9tienne Guettard assimile les Monts d\u2019Auvergne \u00e0 des volcans.<\/p>\n

Entre le 18e et le d\u00e9but du 20e si\u00e8cle, James Hutton, William Hamilton, Deodat de Gratet de Dolomieu, Ferdinand-Andr\u00e9 Fouqu\u00e9, son gendre Alfred Lacroix, Frank Perret et bien d\u2019autres expliqu\u00e8rent de plus en plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les lois de la dynamique \u00e9ruptive.<\/p>\n

La th\u00e9orie de la \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9rive des continents\u00a0\u00bb mise en place par Alfred Wegener au d\u00e9but du 20e si\u00e8cle, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e par celle de la \u00ab\u00a0Tectonique des plaques\u00a0\u00bb dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, a permis de placer le volcanisme dans la logique de la plan\u00e8te Terre.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aujourd’hui, les \u00e9tudes concernent l’\u00e9tude physico-chimique du magma, de sa formation en profondeur par fusion du manteau \u00e0 son \u00e9volution dans la chambre magmatique jusqu’\u00e0 son \u00e9mission en surface. Les diff\u00e9rents dynamismes \u00e9ruptifs sont appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s ainsi que les risques qui en d\u00e9coulent. Le challenge du 21e si\u00e8cle est une parfaite surveillance, pr\u00e9vision et pr\u00e9vention des \u00e9ruptions, qui concernent 500 millions de personnes vivant au pied des volcans.<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.USA2014.7722\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff \u00e0 Yellowstone devant \u00ab\u00a0Grand Prismatic Spring\u00a0\u00bb (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

Le m\u00e9tier de volcanologue, \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de la science et de l’aventure, fera r\u00eaver encore de nombreuses g\u00e9n\u00e9rations de jeunes, surtout quand on sait qu’il reste \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir des volcans extraordinaires au fond des oc\u00e9ans sur les autres plan\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff donnera une conf\u00e9rence\u00a0: Vendredi 10 avril 2015, 19h, Maison de l’Environnement et du D\u00e9veloppement durable de l’a\u00e9roport Paris-Orly Face au n\u00b0 93 de l\u2019avenue Jean-Pierre B\u00e9nard, 91200 Athis-Mons entr\u00e9e libre, parking th\u00e8me\u00a0“Vocation volcanologue” Le volcan a \u00e9t\u00e9 magnifi\u00e9 \u00e0 travers les l\u00e9gendes (forges d\u2019H\u00e9pha\u00efstos puis de Vulcain et des Cyclopes) et l\u2019art (gravures … Continuer la lecture de Conf\u00e9rence \u00e0 Athis-Mons<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[21,34,13],"class_list":["post-581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","tag-bardintzeff","tag-conference","tag-volcanologue"],"yoast_head":"\nConf\u00e9rence \u00e0 Athis-Mons, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2015\/04\/07\/conference-athis-mons-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conf\u00e9rence \u00e0 Athis-Mons, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff\" \/>\n<meta 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