{"id":441,"date":"2014-11-14T16:19:49","date_gmt":"2014-11-14T16:19:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/?p=441"},"modified":"2014-11-29T10:19:57","modified_gmt":"2014-11-29T10:19:57","slug":"les-volcans-boue-berca-en-roumanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2014\/11\/14\/les-volcans-boue-berca-en-roumanie\/","title":{"rendered":"Les volcans de boue de Berca en Roumanie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des \u00ab\u00a0volcans\u00a0\u00bb bien \u00e9tonnants<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ils n\u2019ont de volcan que le nom\u00a0! Car les volcans de boue ne r\u00e9sultent nullement d\u2019un processus magmatique\u00a0: ils tiennent leur nom de leur activit\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0explosive\u00a0\u00bb et aussi de leur forme de c\u00f4ne miniature. Un millier sont connus dans le monde, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des gisements (exploit\u00e9s ou non) d\u2019hydrocarbures.<\/p>\n

En Italie, on en conna\u00eet dans la r\u00e9gion de Mod\u00e8ne dans les Apennins et en Sicile (les \u00ab\u00a0Maccalube di Aragona\u00a0\u00bb). Le 27 septembre dernier, une explosion particuli\u00e8rement violente des Maccalube a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une instabilit\u00e9 qui a englouti deux enfants.<\/p>\n

Les \u00ab\u00a0volcans\u00a0\u00bb de Berca en Roumanie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit du deuxi\u00e8me site le plus important d\u2019Europe, apr\u00e8s celui de Gobustan en Azerba\u00efdjan. Il est situ\u00e9 \u00e0 Berca en Roumanie, \u00e0 une centaine de km au nord de Bucarest et \u00e0 15 km au nord-ouest de Buz\u0103u, en bordure des Carpates orientales, \u00e0 environ 300 m d\u2019altitude. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit d\u00e8s 1867 par un fran\u00e7ais, Henri Cognand.<\/p>\n

Nous l\u2019avons visit\u00e9 du 8 au 11 novembre 2014 au sein d\u2019une \u00e9quipe de 9 personnes de \u00ab\u00a080 jours voyages \u00bb (guide\u00a0: Sylvain Chermette, conseiller scientifique\u00a0: Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.Rou9852.signe\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Un c\u00f4ne de boue miniature (2 m de haut) \u00e0 P\u00e2clele Mari en Roumanie (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cet ensemble (appel\u00e9 Vulcanii noroio\u0219i en roumain) comprend quatre groupes de volcans align\u00e9s sur une faille normale de 20 km de long, orient\u00e9e nord-sud. Il s\u2019agit, du nord au sud, de Beciu, P\u00e2clele Mici (litt\u00e9ralement le \u00ab\u00a0petit crat\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb de 16,5 hectares), P\u00e2clele Mari (le \u00ab\u00a0grand crat\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb, le plus vaste avec 22 hectares), Fierb\u0103tori. Des dizaines de petits c\u00f4nes se c\u00f4toient, hauts de quelques dizaines de centim\u00e8tres jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2 m\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.Rou9868.signe\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Volcan de boue miniature \u00e0 P\u00e2clele Mici (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

Ils \u00e9mettent des gaz d\u2019origine profonde, du m\u00e9thane essentiellement (95 – 98 %) mais aussi d\u2019autres hydrocarbures (0,1 – 1,2 %), du gaz carbonique (1,5 – 2,3 %), de l\u2019azote (0,1 – 0,6 %) et un peu de gaz bact\u00e9riens d\u2019origine peu profonde. Ils lib\u00e8rent aussi un peu de p\u00e9trole et de la boue issue d\u2019une couche d\u2019argile sous-jacente. Celle-ci se r\u00e9pand en \u00ab\u00a0coul\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb relativement fluide mimant un dynamisme volcanique. Dans le \u00ab\u00a0crat\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9clatent des bulles d\u2019un diam\u00e8tre atteignant 50 cm. Le paysage est lunaire, sans v\u00e9g\u00e9tation.<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.Rou9792.signe\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Une bulle de boue \u00e9clate \u00e0 P\u00e2clele Mari (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

Une estimation de 1200 tonnes de m\u00e9thane annuelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite sur une surface de 2,3 km2<\/sup> (\u00e9mission par les volcans de boue mais aussi \u00e9mission diffuse par le sol).<\/p>\n

Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est li\u00e9 \u00e0 un gisement d\u2019hydrocarbure, situ\u00e9 dans un niveau de sable et de gr\u00e8s du Mioc\u00e8ne sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 quelques centaines de m\u00e8tres de profondeur et localement exploit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 une quarantaine de kilom\u00e8tres plus au nord, \u00e0 Andreiasu, sur la faille chevauchante carpatienne Casin-Bisoa, des \u00e9manations de m\u00e9thane produisent des flammes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1 m de hauteur\u00a0!<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.Rou9752\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ces volcans de boue restent de taille modeste ! (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/p>\n

Etiope G., Baciu C., Caracausi A., Italiano F. and Cosma C. (2004) Gas \ufb02ux to the atmosphere from mud volcanoes in eastern Romania. Terra Nova 16, 4,179-184<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des \u00ab\u00a0volcans\u00a0\u00bb bien \u00e9tonnants Ils n\u2019ont de volcan que le nom\u00a0! Car les volcans de boue ne r\u00e9sultent nullement d\u2019un processus magmatique\u00a0: ils tiennent leur nom de leur activit\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0explosive\u00a0\u00bb et aussi de leur forme de c\u00f4ne miniature. Un millier sont connus dans le monde, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des gisements (exploit\u00e9s ou non) d\u2019hydrocarbures. En … Continuer la lecture de Les volcans de boue de Berca en Roumanie<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[83,109,111,84,82],"class_list":["post-441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-voyages","tag-berca","tag-hydrocarbure","tag-methane","tag-roumanie","tag-volcan-de-boue"],"yoast_head":"\nLes volcans de boue de Berca en Roumanie , par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2014\/11\/14\/les-volcans-boue-berca-en-roumanie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les volcans de boue de Berca en Roumanie , par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Des \u00ab\u00a0volcans\u00a0\u00bb bien \u00e9tonnants Ils n\u2019ont de volcan que le nom\u00a0! Car les volcans de boue ne r\u00e9sultent nullement d\u2019un processus magmatique\u00a0: ils tiennent leur nom de leur activit\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0explosive\u00a0\u00bb et aussi de leur forme de c\u00f4ne miniature. Un millier sont connus dans le monde, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des gisements (exploit\u00e9s ou non) d\u2019hydrocarbures. 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