{"id":4184,"date":"2019-01-24T17:07:36","date_gmt":"2019-01-24T17:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/?p=4184"},"modified":"2019-01-24T17:09:37","modified_gmt":"2019-01-24T17:09:37","slug":"leruption-cataclysmale-de-lilopango","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2019\/01\/24\/leruption-cataclysmale-de-lilopango\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9ruption cataclysmale de l\u2019Ilopango"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deux grandes caldeiras t\u00e9moignent d\u2019\u00e9ruptions majeures au Salvador\u00a0: la caldeira Coatepeque (voir mon blog du 12\/1\/2019) et la caldeira Ilopango plus impressionnante\u00a0encore. Cette derni\u00e8re, de 11 kilom\u00e8tres de long pour 8 de large, est \u00e9galement occup\u00e9e par un grand lac. Quatre \u00e9ruptions explosives majeures se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 pendant quelques dizaines de milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Le dernier effondrement r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une \u00e9ruption cataclysmale dat\u00e9e du Ve <\/sup>si\u00e8cle (an 450\u00a0?). Son intensit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 un VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) de 6 sur une \u00e9chelle de 8 \u00e9chelons, soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent du Krakatoa, en Indon\u00e9sie, en 1883. On retrouve d\u2019ailleurs le niveau rep\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9ruption sous forme d\u2019une couche de t\u00e9phra clair dans l\u2019ensemble du pays. Des cit\u00e9es mayas furent d\u00e9vast\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\"\"Jacques-Marie Bardintzetf, volcanologue, montre le niveau rep\u00e8re (environ 50 cm d\u2019\u00e9paisseur) de retomb\u00e9es blanches de l\u2019\u00e9ruption de l\u2019Ilopango, dat\u00e9e du Ve <\/sup>si\u00e8cle, au Salvador. Nous sommes \u00e0 Los Pinos, \u00e0 65 km \u00e0 l\u2019ouest du centre \u00e9missif\u00a0! (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff, merci \u00e0 Sylvain Chermette).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

On a longtemps cru que les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes observ\u00e9s dans le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en entre 536 et 542 (\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0pourris\u00a0\u00bb, temp\u00e9ratures anormalement basses, nuage myst\u00e9rieux, mauvaises r\u00e9coltes, \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de peste dite \u00ab\u00a0de Justinien\u00a0\u00bb) \u00e9taient li\u00e9s \u00e0 cette \u00e9ruption mais la datation plus pr\u00e9cise de l\u2019Ilopango a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 son ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9. On y signale une derni\u00e8re \u00e9ruption en 1879-1880\u00a0: la surrection de d\u00f4mes a cr\u00e9\u00e9 quelques \u00eelots (Islas Quemadas) dans le lac.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deux grandes caldeiras t\u00e9moignent d\u2019\u00e9ruptions majeures au Salvador\u00a0: la caldeira Coatepeque (voir mon blog du 12\/1\/2019) et la caldeira Ilopango plus impressionnante\u00a0encore. Cette derni\u00e8re, de 11 kilom\u00e8tres de long pour 8 de large, est \u00e9galement occup\u00e9e par un grand lac. Quatre \u00e9ruptions explosives majeures se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 pendant quelques dizaines de milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Le dernier … Continuer la lecture de L\u2019\u00e9ruption cataclysmale de l\u2019Ilopango<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6,8],"tags":[21,343,1435,1195,586,1436,1437,13],"class_list":["post-4184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-voyages","tag-bardintzeff","tag-caldeira","tag-ilopango","tag-salvador","tag-tephra","tag-vei","tag-volcanic-explosivity-index","tag-volcanologue"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019\u00e9ruption cataclysmale de l\u2019Ilopango, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2019\/01\/24\/leruption-cataclysmale-de-lilopango\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9ruption cataclysmale de l\u2019Ilopango, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deux grandes caldeiras t\u00e9moignent d\u2019\u00e9ruptions majeures au Salvador\u00a0: la caldeira Coatepeque (voir mon blog du 12\/1\/2019) et la caldeira Ilopango plus impressionnante\u00a0encore. Cette derni\u00e8re, de 11 kilom\u00e8tres de long pour 8 de large, est \u00e9galement occup\u00e9e par un grand lac. Quatre \u00e9ruptions explosives majeures se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 pendant quelques dizaines de milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es. 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