{"id":3620,"date":"2018-06-21T09:07:43","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T09:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/?p=3620"},"modified":"2018-06-21T09:12:50","modified_gmt":"2018-06-21T09:12:50","slug":"le-mystere-de-la-chaussee-des-geants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2018\/06\/21\/le-mystere-de-la-chaussee-des-geants\/","title":{"rendered":"Le myst\u00e8re de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants"},"content":{"rendered":"

La formation des orgues basaltiques (ou orgues volcaniques) de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants en Irlande du Nord (voir mon blog du 5\/4\/2017) soul\u00e8ve encore bien des interrogations.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

Je r\u00e9ponds \u00e0 quelques questions de Caroline Hall\u00e9 dans le journal \u00ab\u00a0Mon Quotidien\u00a0\u00bb du 12\/6\/2018 (voir aussi mon blog du 13\/4\/2018).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

“40\u00a0000 colonnes de roches volcaniques\u00a0!”, explications de Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff, volcanologue, entretien avec Caroline Hall\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Mon Quotidien<\/p>\n

40\u2009000 colonnes de roches volcaniques\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Un site exceptionnel sur les c\u00f4tes de l\u2019Irlande du Nord fascine les g\u00e9ologues depuis des ann\u00e9es : la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants. Il regroupe environ 40 000 colonnes de roches volcaniques, aux formes g\u00e9om\u00e9triques vari\u00e9es, et comme \u00ab\u00a0plant\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb dans l\u2019eau les unes contre les autres\u00a0! Des scientifiques de Liverpool, au Royaume-Uni (Europe) viennent de d\u00e9couvrir \u00e0 quelle temp\u00e9rature pr\u00e9cise ces colonnes se sont form\u00e9es, il y a plus de 50 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Explications de Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff, volcanologue.<\/p>\n

Mer. \u00ab\u2009On trouve des colonnes de ce type ailleurs dans le monde : en Islande (Europe), aux \u00c9tats-Unis (Am\u00e9rique) et m\u00eame en France (en Auvergne). Mais la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants, situ\u00e9e en bord de mer, est le plus bel exemple.\u2009\u00bb<\/p>\n

Cassure. \u00ab\u2009Ces colonnes sont le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une coul\u00e9e de lave sortie d\u2019un volcan \u00e0 1100 \u00b0C. Au contact de l\u2019air, la lave s\u2019est refroidie et solidifi\u00e9e en roche. Puis elle s\u2019est contract\u00e9e et fractur\u00e9e en colonnes, le plus souvent hexagonales. Lors de leur exp\u00e9rience, les chercheurs ont utilis\u00e9 des \u00e9chantillons de colonnes provenant d\u2019Islande (Europe). Ils les ont chauff\u00e9s \u00e0 1000\u00b0C, puis refroidis. Ils ont ainsi d\u00e9couvert que la cassure se produisait entre 840 et 890 \u00b0C. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Pav\u00e9s. \u00ab\u2009\u00c9rod\u00e9es par les vagues, les colonnes de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants ressemblent \u00e0 une \u00e9tendue de pav\u00e9s assez r\u00e9guliers, commen\u00e7ant \u00e0 la base de la falaise et disparaissant dans la mer. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Comprendre : La l\u00e9gende de 2 g\u00e9ants ennemis<\/p>\n

Le nom de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants est li\u00e9 \u00e0 une l\u00e9gende. Selon elle, 2 g\u00e9ants ennemis vivaient de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la mer, l\u2019un sur les c\u00f4tes de l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019autre sur les c\u00f4tes de l\u2019\u00c9cosse. Un jour, provoqu\u00e9 par son rival, l\u2019Irlandais a jet\u00e9 des pierres dans la mer afin de cr\u00e9er un chemin pour aller l\u2019affronter. Mais ils ont finalement tous les 2 renonc\u00e9 \u00e0 se battre\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Entretien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Caroline Hall\u00e9<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus, les r\u00e9sultats scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s dans l\u2019article\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Anthony Lamur, Yan Lavall\u00e9e, Fiona E. Iddon, Adrian J. Hornby, Jackie E. Kendrick, Felix W. von Aulock & Fabian B. Wadsworth. Disclosing the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas. Nature Communications, volume 9, article 1432, 2018.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-03842-4<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La formation des orgues basaltiques (ou orgues volcaniques) de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants en Irlande du Nord (voir mon blog du 5\/4\/2017) soul\u00e8ve encore bien des interrogations. La Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff). Je r\u00e9ponds \u00e0 quelques questions de Caroline Hall\u00e9 dans le journal \u00ab\u00a0Mon Quotidien\u00a0\u00bb du 12\/6\/2018 (voir aussi mon blog du 13\/4\/2018). … Continuer la lecture de Le myst\u00e8re de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6,8],"tags":[21,809,1204,811,1205,812,136,13],"class_list":["post-3620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","category-voyages","tag-bardintzeff","tag-chaussee-des-geants","tag-halle","tag-irlande","tag-mon-quotidien","tag-orgue-basaltique","tag-orgue-volcanique","tag-volcanologue"],"yoast_head":"\nLe myst\u00e8re de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2018\/06\/21\/le-mystere-de-la-chaussee-des-geants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le myst\u00e8re de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La formation des orgues basaltiques (ou orgues volcaniques) de la Chauss\u00e9e des G\u00e9ants en Irlande du Nord (voir mon blog du 5\/4\/2017) soul\u00e8ve encore bien des interrogations. 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