{"id":355,"date":"2014-06-01T07:18:46","date_gmt":"2014-06-01T07:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/?p=355"},"modified":"2014-09-23T16:35:37","modified_gmt":"2014-09-23T16:35:37","slug":"eruption-explosive-majeure-au-sangeang-api-indonesie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2014\/06\/01\/eruption-explosive-majeure-au-sangeang-api-indonesie\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9ruption explosive majeure au Sangeang Api, Indon\u00e9sie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Sangeang Api est entr\u00e9 brusquement en \u00e9ruption le 30 mai 2014. Il a lib\u00e9r\u00e9 une imposante colonne \u00e9ruptive. Il n\u2019y a pas de victimes.<\/p>\n

Le volcan Sangeang Api<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Sangeang Api, volcan qui culmine \u00e0 1949 m, appartient \u00e0 l\u2019arc des Petites \u00eeles de la Sonde en Indon\u00e9sie. Il constitue une petite \u00eele ronde, de 13 km de diam\u00e8tre, situ\u00e9e au nord-est de l\u2019\u00eele plus importante de Sumbawa, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre par son terrible Tambora. Il entre en \u00e9ruption assez fr\u00e9quemment, tous les 10-20 ans en moyenne au XXe si\u00e8cle. Sa derni\u00e8re \u00e9ruption remontait \u00e0 1997-1999.<\/p>\n

J\u2019ai visit\u00e9 cette \u00eele-volcan, alors endormie, en 2007.<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.045.Sangeang\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le volcan Sangeang Api le 13\/7\/2007 (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.039.Sangeang\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Quelques maisons, habit\u00e9es par des p\u00eacheurs, des fermiers (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

En remontant des ravines, on d\u00e9couvre des successions de niveaux pyroclastiques, constitu\u00e9s de blocs et de cendres, t\u00e9moins d\u2019\u00e9pisodes explosifs anciens.<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.040.Sangeang_lahar+JM\"<\/a><\/p>\n

On observe aussi des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de coul\u00e9es boueuses d\u2019origine volcanique, appel\u00e9es lahars, un terme indon\u00e9sien (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tape suivante m\u2019a conduit sur l\u2019\u00eele de Rinca, s\u0153ur de Komodo, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre comme elle par ses varans monstrueux\u00a0!<\/p>\n

\"Bardintzeff.053.Rinca_varan\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Un varan \u00e0 Rinca (\u00a9 J.M. Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9ruption du 30 mai 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n

La hauteur du panache\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les informations font \u00e9tat d\u2019une colonne \u00e9ruptive haute de 15 \u00e0 20 km. La diff\u00e9rence est importante car la tropopause, limite entre la troposph\u00e8re et la stratosph\u00e8re, se situe justement aux alentours de 17 km au niveau de l\u2019\u00e9quateur. Si les cendres sont inject\u00e9es dans la stratosph\u00e8re, elles s\u00e9journeront plus longtemps en haute altitude.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

La dur\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9ruption\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Difficile de pr\u00e9voir. Paradoxalement les \u00e9ruptions les plus violentes, qui lib\u00e8rent beaucoup de magma (type plinien), sont souvent courtes, de l\u2019ordre de quelques jours\u00a0: 18 h pour le V\u00e9suve (Pomp\u00e9i) en 79 ap. J.C., 8 jours pour le Tambora en 1815, 4 jours cataclysmaux pour le Pinatubo en 1991. \u00c0 titre de comparaison, la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9ruption lavique du piton de la Fournaise dans l\u2019\u00eele de la R\u00e9union, en 1998, a dur\u00e9 6 mois et celle du Kilauea \u00e0 Hawaii dure depuis 31 ans\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Une influence sur le climat\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tout d\u00e9pend de la hauteur atteinte par le panache et la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9ruption. Celle du Pinatubo en 1991 avait provoqu\u00e9 une baisse de temp\u00e9rature de 0,4 \u00b0C dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord, amortie en 4 ans. En effet les cendres et les a\u00e9rosols de gaz arr\u00eatent une petite fraction des rayons solaires.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9ruption du Sangeang Api pourrait avoir des effets sur les deux h\u00e9misph\u00e8res vu sa situation quasi \u00e9quatoriale (8.2\u00b0 de latitude Sud)<\/p>\n

Impact sur l\u2019aviation\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le nuage cendreux volcanique se dirige vers le Sud-Est, en direction de l\u2019Australie. L\u2019a\u00e9roport de Darwin (sur la c\u00f4te ouest australienne, \u00e0 1400 km du volcan) a \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9 et de nombreux vols au d\u00e9part de l\u2019Australie annul\u00e9s (ainsi que quelques vols au d\u00e9part de l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie). L\u2019a\u00e9roport de Darwin devrait rouvrir aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Sangeang Api est entr\u00e9 brusquement en \u00e9ruption le 30 mai 2014. Il a lib\u00e9r\u00e9 une imposante colonne \u00e9ruptive. Il n\u2019y a pas de victimes. Le volcan Sangeang Api Le Sangeang Api, volcan qui culmine \u00e0 1949 m, appartient \u00e0 l\u2019arc des Petites \u00eeles de la Sonde en Indon\u00e9sie. Il constitue une petite \u00eele ronde, … Continuer la lecture de \u00c9ruption explosive majeure au Sangeang Api, Indon\u00e9sie<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[91,90,48,89,92],"class_list":["post-355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","tag-colonne-eruptive","tag-eruption-explosive","tag-indonesie","tag-sangeang-api","tag-type-plinien"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c9ruption explosive majeure au Sangeang Api, Indon\u00e9sie , par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2014\/06\/01\/eruption-explosive-majeure-au-sangeang-api-indonesie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c9ruption explosive majeure au Sangeang Api, Indon\u00e9sie , par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Sangeang Api est entr\u00e9 brusquement en \u00e9ruption le 30 mai 2014. Il a lib\u00e9r\u00e9 une imposante colonne \u00e9ruptive. Il n\u2019y a pas de victimes. Le volcan Sangeang Api Le Sangeang Api, volcan qui culmine \u00e0 1949 m, appartient \u00e0 l\u2019arc des Petites \u00eeles de la Sonde en Indon\u00e9sie. 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