{"id":230,"date":"2014-03-22T13:44:37","date_gmt":"2014-03-22T13:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/?p=230"},"modified":"2014-04-21T09:01:58","modified_gmt":"2014-04-21T09:01:58","slug":"les-volcans-de-france-metropolitaine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2014\/03\/22\/les-volcans-de-france-metropolitaine\/","title":{"rendered":"Les volcans de France m\u00e9tropolitaine"},"content":{"rendered":"
Un volcanisme important s\u2019est manifest\u00e9 en France m\u00e9tropolitaine, dans le quart sud-est du pays, au cours des \u00e8res Tertiaire et Quaternaire. Il s\u2019agit des fameux \u00ab\u00a0Volcans d\u2019Auvergne\u00a0\u00bb (bien que ceux-ci d\u00e9bordent en fait de l\u2019Auvergne et atteignent la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u00a0!) Dans le d\u00e9tail, on distingue 17 provinces volcaniques. Les premi\u00e8res activit\u00e9s se sont manifest\u00e9es dans le Charolais (Bourgogne) d\u00e8s le tout d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e8re Tertiaire, il y a 65 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/pre>\n
Le Cantal, de forme elliptique, se situe au centre de l\u2019Auvergne. Il mesure 70\u00a0km de l’ouest \u00e0 l’est et 50\u00a0km du nord au sud\u00a0: c’est le plus grand volcan d’Europe, \u00e0 \u00e9galit\u00e9 avec l’Etna. Il a du mesurer jadis plus de 3500\u00a0m de haut. Le massif culmine aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 1854\u00a0m au Plomb du Cantal. Son activit\u00e9 s’est termin\u00e9e il y a 3 millions d’ann\u00e9es. Il est donc \u00e9teint.<\/p>\n
\"Bardintzeff.17<\/a><\/p>\n
La silhouette pyramidale du Puy Mary (1785 m) dans le massif du Cantal (\u00a9 J.M.Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
G\u00e9ographiquement, on peut distinguer trois domaines volcaniques :<\/p>\n
– vers le Nord, on rencontre trois massifs\u00a0:<\/p>\n
* Le C\u00e9zallier, dont l’activit\u00e9 a d\u00e9but\u00e9 il y a 8 millions d’ann\u00e9es, \u00e9teint lui aussi, culmine au signal du Luguet (1551\u00a0m).<\/p>\n
* Le Mont-Dore ressemble \u00e0 un petit fr\u00e8re du Cantal\u00a0: son activit\u00e9 s’est manifest\u00e9e entre 5,5 millions d’ann\u00e9es et 230000 ans. Il est donc consid\u00e9r\u00e9 lui aussi comme \u00e9teint.<\/p>\n
* La cha\u00eene des Puys, situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Clermont-Ferrand, est un alignement volcanique de 40\u00a0km de long et de 3 \u00e0 4\u00a0km de large, constitu\u00e9 de plus d\u2019une centaine de petits \u00e9difices volcaniques. Il s’agit essentiellement de c\u00f4nes, tel le puy de C\u00f4me. On d\u00e9nombre aussi une dizaine de d\u00f4mes tel le puy de D\u00f4me, point culminant de la cha\u00eene avec 1465\u00a0m. On conna\u00eet aussi quelques crat\u00e8res d\u2019explosions, appel\u00e9s maars, parfois occup\u00e9 par un lac (Gour de Tazenat). La cha\u00eene des Puys est candidate (2014) au Patrimoine mondial de l\u2019UNESCO.<\/p>\n
Son activit\u00e9 a d\u00e9but\u00e9 il y a 95000 ans. Le paroxysme s’est situ\u00e9 il y a 10000 \u00e0 8000 ans. D’autres volcans, encore plus r\u00e9cents, se situent \u00e0 20\u00a0km au sud de la cha\u00eene des Puys (lac Pavin) : les derni\u00e8res \u00e9ruptions de 6000 ans seulement.<\/p>\n
\"Bardintzeff.AUV<\/a><\/p>\n
Vue a\u00e9rienne de la cha\u00eene des Puys\u00a0avec le c\u00f4ne du puy de C\u00f4me (1252 m) au premier plan (\u00a9 J.M.Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n
– vers le Sud, se succ\u00e8dent l’Aubrac, le volcanisme dispers\u00e9 des Causses, l’Escandorgue et le cap d’Agde.<\/p>\n
– vers le Sud-Est, s’\u00e9tendent\u00a0:<\/p>\n
* Le Dev\u00e8s, a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se mettre en place il y a plusieurs millions d’ann\u00e9es et a termin\u00e9 il y a quelques centaines de milliers d’ann\u00e9es. Il consiste en de vastes coul\u00e9es de lave (superbe coul\u00e9e prism\u00e9e de Chilhac) et environ 150 petits c\u00f4nes. On d\u00e9nombre aussi une trentaine de maars, tels ceux occup\u00e9s par les lacs du Bouchet et d\u2019Issarl\u00e8s.<\/p>\n
\"Bardintzeff.AUV.28.Chilhac\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Les orgues volcaniques de Chilhac (Haute-Loire) (\u00a9 J.M.Bardintzeff).<\/p>\n
* Le Velay, dont l\u2019activit\u00e9 a d\u00e9but\u00e9 il y a 14\u00a0Ma et s’est poursuivi jusqu’\u00e0 moins de 2\u00a0Ma. La ville du Puy-en-Velay est c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour ses pitons rocheux volcaniques\u00a0: le rocher Saint-Michel d\u2019Aiguilhe et le rocher Corneille.<\/p>\n
* Le Vivarais en Ard\u00e8che correspond \u00e0 un volcanisme tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cent (derni\u00e8re activit\u00e9 dat\u00e9e de moins de 30\u00a0000 ans). On y retrouve donc des morphologies volcaniques tr\u00e8s fra\u00eeches, telles le maar de la Vestide du Pal et le suc de Bauzon.<\/p>\n
* Les Coirons sont situ\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9partement de l’Ard\u00e8che, sur le bord ouest de la vall\u00e9e du Rh\u00f4ne. Il s’agit d’un plateau basaltique r\u00e9sultant d\u2019un volcanisme assez ancien (6-7 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es).<\/p>\n
La plupart des \u00ab\u00a0volcans d\u2019Auvergne\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e2g\u00e9s de plus de 100\u00a0000 ans sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme \u00e9teints. Par contre, la cha\u00eene des Puys et, dans une moindre mesure, le Vivarais, ont manifest\u00e9 une activit\u00e9 relativement r\u00e9cente \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle g\u00e9ologique. Sans recul suffisant, il est impossible de savoir s\u2019ils sont \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9teints\u00a0\u00bb ou simplement \u00ab\u00a0endormis\u00a0\u00bb. Un \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9veil\u00a0\u00bb futur n\u2019est pas exclu mais n\u2019est pas d\u2019actualit\u00e9 (aucun signal anormal enregistr\u00e9).<\/p>\n
Pour en savoir plus\u00a0: la rubrique \u00ab\u00a0Quid\u00a0\u00bb de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de France<\/p>\n
www.geosoc.fr\/risques-naturels-volcanisme-seismicite\/725-quel-est-l-age-des-dernieres-manifestations-volcaniques-en-france-metropolitaine.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Un volcanisme important s\u2019est manifest\u00e9 en France m\u00e9tropolitaine, dans le quart sud-est du pays, au cours des \u00e8res Tertiaire et Quaternaire. Il s\u2019agit des fameux \u00ab\u00a0Volcans d\u2019Auvergne\u00a0\u00bb (bien que ceux-ci d\u00e9bordent en fait de l\u2019Auvergne et atteignent la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u00a0!) Dans le d\u00e9tail, on distingue 17 provinces volcaniques. Les premi\u00e8res activit\u00e9s se sont manifest\u00e9es dans le … Continuer la lecture de Les volcans de France m\u00e9tropolitaine<\/span>  →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[52,61,62,60],"class_list":["post-230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-voyages","tag-auvergne","tag-cantal","tag-chaine-des-puys","tag-volcan-dauvergne"],"yoast_head":"\nLes volcans de France m\u00e9tropolitaine, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.futura-sciences.com\/bardintzeff\/2014\/03\/22\/les-volcans-de-france-metropolitaine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les volcans de France m\u00e9tropolitaine, par Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un volcanisme important s\u2019est manifest\u00e9 en France m\u00e9tropolitaine, dans le quart sud-est du pays, au cours des \u00e8res Tertiaire et Quaternaire. Il s\u2019agit des fameux \u00ab\u00a0Volcans d\u2019Auvergne\u00a0\u00bb (bien que ceux-ci d\u00e9bordent en fait de l\u2019Auvergne et atteignent la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u00a0!) Dans le d\u00e9tail, on distingue 17 provinces volcaniques. 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